{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:04:04Z","timestamp":1790809444967,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,26]],"date-time":"2014-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enhanced external counterpulsation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content>) therapy decreases angina episodes and improves quality of life in patients with left ventricular (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content>) dysfunction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVD<\/jats:styled-content>). However, studies have not elucidated the mechanisms of action and overall effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVD<\/jats:styled-content>. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content> on endothelial function in peripheral conduit arteries and exercise capacity (peak <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVD<\/jats:styled-content>. Patients with ischaemic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVD<\/jats:styled-content> (ejection fraction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EF<\/jats:styled-content>) 34.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.2%; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a09) and patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAD<\/jats:styled-content>) and preserved <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content> function (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EF<\/jats:styled-content> 53.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.6%; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015) were studied before and after 35 sessions (1\u00a0h) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content>. Brachial and femoral artery flow\u2010mediated dilation (b<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content> and f<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively) were evaluated using high\u2010resolution ultrasound. Enhanced external counterpulsation elicited similar significant improvements in the following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content> parameters in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVD<\/jats:styled-content> groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.05 between groups for all): absolute b<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content> (+53% and +70%, respectively), relative b<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content> (+50% and +74%, respectively), b<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content> normalized for shear rate (+70% and +61%, respectively), absolute f<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content> (+33% and +21%, respectively) and relative f<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMD<\/jats:styled-content> (+32% and +17%, respectively). In addition, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content> significantly improved plasma levels of nitrate\/nitrite (+55% and +28%) and prostacyclin (+50% and +70%), as well as peak <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (+36% and +21%), similarly in both the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVD<\/jats:styled-content> groups (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2265<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05 between groups for all). Despite reduced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content> function, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EECP<\/jats:styled-content> therapy significantly improves peripheral vascular function and functional capacity in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAD<\/jats:styled-content> patients with ischaemic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVD<\/jats:styled-content> to a similar degree to that seen in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAD<\/jats:styled-content> patients with preserved <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content> function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,24]],"date-time":"2014-05-24T15:28:42Z","timestamp":1400945322000},"page":"628-636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Enhanced external counterpulsation improves endothelial function and exercise capacity in patients with ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Darren T","family":"Beck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Quinnipiac University Hamden CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren P","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph C","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paloma D","family":"Sardina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy W","family":"Braith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-5299.2002.01743.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-5299.2002.00286.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01095-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.923482"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960251407"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.07.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0811"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-5299.2002.00714.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-11-1283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.01.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2545"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.647248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e318253de5e","article-title":"Enhanced external counterpulsation for ischemic heart disease: A look behind the curtain","volume":"40","author":"Braith RW","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exerc. 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