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The present study shows that minocycline, a widely used glial activation inhibitor, is effective in reducing neurogenic inflammation. Patch\u2010clamp recordings showed that small sized dorsal root ganglion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRG<\/jats:styled-content>) neurons were dramatically excited following intradermal capsaicin injection in the rat hind paw, evidenced by decreased rheobase and membrane threshold. Pretreatment with minocycline (30\u00a0mg\/kg for 1\u00a0day, intraperitoneal injection) blocked the increased neuronal excitability. Western blot and immunostaining of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRG<\/jats:styled-content> revealed the activation of satellite glial cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGC<\/jats:styled-content>s) following capsaicin injection. The up\u2010regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFAP<\/jats:styled-content>) was significantly inhibited by minocycline pre\u2010administration. Measurement of tumor necrosis factor <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) and its receptor, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> receptor 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNFR<\/jats:styled-content>1), showed that minocycline mainly blocked the up\u2010regulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGC<\/jats:styled-content>s and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNFR<\/jats:styled-content>1s in neurons following capsaicin injection. The pivotal role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> in neurogenic inflammation was further supported by the findings that incubation <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRG<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> mimicked the increased excitability of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRG<\/jats:styled-content> neurons induced by capsaicin injection, and that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> application enhanced cutaneous vasodilation in the hind paws induced by antidromic electrical stimulation of dorsal roots. Based on these results, we propose that minocycline is a potential therapeutic drug that can reduce neuronal excitability and neurogenic inflammation by working on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGC<\/jats:styled-content>s to inhibit the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T17:33:50Z","timestamp":1436895230000},"page":"940-949","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Minocycline inhibits neurogenic inflammation by blocking the effects of tumor necrosis factor\u2010<i>\u03b1<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Kerui","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology College of Science University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Tai Shan Medical University Tai'an Shan Dong Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoju","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology College of Science University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perry N","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology College of Science University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology College of Science University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-3-30"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.84.5.2695"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-07-02517.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.487"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-02-00536.2002","article-title":"Anterograde transport of tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha in the intact and injured rat sciatic nerve","volume":"22","author":"Schafers M","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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