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Due to the complexity of injured brain pathophysiology, treatment approaches should ideally address numerous factors, ultimately aiming to promote tissue protection, axonal regrowth and functional recovery. This study extends the understanding of the effects of bone marrow stromal cell (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMSC<\/jats:styled-content>) treatment following experimentally induced ischemic stroke in rats. Focal ischemic brain injury was experimentally induced in rats by placing a preformed clot into the middle cerebral artery. Animals were injected intravenously with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMSC<\/jats:styled-content>s at 24\u00a0h after stroke and were killed 7\u00a0days post injury. When administered <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMSC<\/jats:styled-content>s following stroke, the neurological outcome was significantly improved relative to controls. There was an increase in the number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMSC<\/jats:styled-content>s labelled with BrdU present in the injured hemisphere of the brain compared to the non\u2010injured side. Furthermore, administration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMSC<\/jats:styled-content>s also led to increases in astrocytosis, vascularization and endogenous proliferation. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of action of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMSC<\/jats:styled-content> treatment and further argue for the therapeutic potential of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMSC<\/jats:styled-content>s as an effective treatment following cerebral stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,28]],"date-time":"2015-07-28T14:14:51Z","timestamp":1438092891000},"page":"1158-1167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Multipotent bone marrow stromal cell therapy promotes endogenous cell proliferation following ischemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Gila","family":"Pirzad Jahromi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Centre Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Shabanzadeh 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