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Multiple doses of cocaine increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and glutathione oxidation in the kidney of the non\u2010transgenic mice (non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>mice). The enzymatic activities of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content>x and glutathione reductase were significantly decreased in non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>mice, whereas superoxide dismutase was increased in the early phase of cocaine exposure. Treatment with cocaine resulted in significant decreases in expression of Bcl\u20102 and Bcl\u2010xl in the kidney of non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>mice, which resulted in significant increases in Bax and cleaved\u2010caspase 3. Consistently, cocaine\u2010induced tubular epithelial vacuolization and focal tubular necrosis were mainly observed in the proximal tubules in the kidneys of non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>mice. These renal pathologic changes were much less pronounced in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content>x\u20101<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>than in non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>mice. These results suggest that the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content>x\u20101 gene is a protective factor against nephrotoxicity induced by cocaine via interactive modulations between antioxidant and cell survival signaling processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,6]],"date-time":"2016-02-06T02:21:43Z","timestamp":1454725303000},"page":"428-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Genetic overexpressing of<scp>GP<\/scp>x\u20101 attenuates cocaine\u2010induced renal toxicity via induction of anti\u2010apoptotic factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Huynh Nhu","family":"Mai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program College of Pharmacy Kangwon National University Chunchon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hoon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine Chung\u2010Ang University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae\u2010Joong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Medical School Kangwon National University Chunchon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Hee","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy College of Medicine Chung\u2010Ang University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Joo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program College of Pharmacy Kangwon National University Chunchon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan Thuy Ty","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program College of Pharmacy Kangwon National University Chunchon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunsung","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program College of Pharmacy Kangwon National University Chunchon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Jeung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Kangwon National University Chunchon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Hee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Medical School Kangwon National University Chunchon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung\u2010Yeol","family":"Nah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choon\u2010Gon","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin Gen","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyoung\u2010Chun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program College of Pharmacy Kangwon National University Chunchon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90845-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.3.5.441"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"466","article-title":"Acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis associated with cocaine toxicity","volume":"148","author":"Lombard J","year":"1988","journal-title":"West. 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