{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:48:45Z","timestamp":1790185725998,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]],"date-time":"2016-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pathophysiology behind radiation cystitis is poorly understood. Here we investigated whether bladder irradiation affects the immune system of the rat urinary bladder. Female rats were sedated and exposed to one single radiation dose of 20\u00a0Gy or only sedated (controls) and killed 16\u00a0h to 14\u00a0days later. Rats were placed in a metabolic cage at 16\u00a0h, 3\u00a0days, 7\u00a0days and 14\u00a0days following bladder irradiation. The urinary bladders were harvested and analysed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qPCR<\/jats:styled-content>, immunohistochemistry and\/or Western blot for the expression of interferon (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013, nitric oxide synthases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNOS<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> iNOS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nNOS<\/jats:styled-content>), tumour necrosis factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and toll\u2010like receptor 4 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4). Urine was collected and analysed for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 and nitrite (reflecting nitric oxide activity) with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> and the Griess reaction, respectively. Irradiation increased bladder frequency and decreased voiding volumes 14\u00a0days following bladder irradiation. Bladder irradiation increased the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 and collagen in the bladder, while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 expressions were decreased in the urothelium concomitantly with a decrease in mast cells in the submucosa and urine levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 and nitrite. The present findings show that bladder irradiation leads to urodynamic changes in the bladder and may suppress important immunoregulatory pathways in the urinary bladder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,27]],"date-time":"2016-04-27T15:01:37Z","timestamp":1461769297000},"page":"698-705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Downregulation of toll\u2010like receptor 4 and <scp>IL<\/scp>\u20106 following irradiation of the rat urinary bladder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Giglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Oncology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Was\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"M\u00f6lne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Suchy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Swanpalmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Jabonero Valbuena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Tobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Ny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2010.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-5538.IBJU.2014.03.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.21002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2005.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2001.00101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.6.3179-3186.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09553002.2013.809171"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-5-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00047.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2013.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.066506"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1065-6995(03)00175-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2012.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"The effects of acute and chronic radiation on endothelium\u2010 and no\u2010dependent vascular reactivity","volume":"51","author":"Suvorava T","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell. 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