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Here, we evaluated the chronic effects of low\u2010dose mercury exposure on the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system. Wistar rats were treated for 30\u00a0days with HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (1st dose 4.6\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg followed by 0.07\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg per day, intramuscular) or saline. The femoral artery and vein were then cannulated for evaluation of autonomic control of the hemodynamic function, which was evaluated in awake rats. The following tests were performed: baroreflex sensitivity, Von Bezold\u2010Jarisch reflex, heart rate variability (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content>) and pharmacological blockade with methylatropine and atenolol to test the autonomic tone of the heart. Exposure to HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> for 30\u00a0days slightly increased the mean arterial pressure and heart rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>). There was a significant reduction in the baroreflex gain of animals exposed to HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Moreover, haemodynamic responses to the activation of the Von Bezold\u2010Jarisch reflex were also reduced. The changes in the spectral analysis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content> suggested a shift in the sympathovagal balance toward a sympathetic predominance after mercury exposure, which was confirmed by autonomic pharmacological blockade in the HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group. This group also exhibited reduced intrinsic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> after the double block suggesting that the pacemaker activity of the sinus node was also affected. These findings suggested that the autonomic modulation of the heart was significantly altered by chronic mercury exposure, thus reinforcing that even at low concentrations such exposure might be associated with increased cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]],"date-time":"2016-07-18T15:47:31Z","timestamp":1468856851000},"page":"1038-1045","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Chronic mercury exposure impairs the sympathovagal control of the rat heart"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"MR","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo  Vit\u00f3ria ES Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BF","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Federal University of Esp\u00edrito 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