{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:53:01Z","timestamp":1791276781994,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Bone fractures may result in delayed union (\n DU<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) or non\u2010union (\n NU<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in some patients. Evidence suggests that the skewing of the immune system toward the proinflammatory type is a contributing factor. Because B cells were previously found to infiltrate the fracture healing site at abundant levels, we examined the regulatory B cells (Bregs) in\n DU<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n NU<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients. In bone fracture patients with normal healing, the frequency of interleukin (\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u201010\u2010expressing B cells was significantly upregulated in the early healing process (6\u00a0weeks post\u2010surgery) and was downregulated later on (18\u00a0weeks post\u2010surgery), whereas in\n DU<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n NU<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients, the early upregulation of\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201010\u2010expressing B cells was missing. The majority of\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201010\u2010expressing B cells were concentrated in the IgM\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 27\n +<\/jats:sup>\n fraction in both controls and patients. IgM\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 27\n +<\/jats:sup>\n B cells effectively suppressed interferon gamma (\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b3), tumor necrosis factor alpha (\n TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b1), and\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20102 expression from\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cells, as well as\n IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b3 and\n TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\u03b1 expression from\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 8\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cells. The IgM\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 27\n +<\/jats:sup>\n B cell\u2010mediated suppression was restricted to the sample from the early healing time point in controls, as the IgM\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 27\n +<\/jats:sup>\n B cells from normal healing patients later on or from\n DU<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n NU<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients did not present significant regulatory function. In addition, culturing of\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 25\n +<\/jats:sup>\n Tregs with IgM\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 27\n +<\/jats:sup>\n B cells from controls at early healing time point resulted in higher Foxp3 expression, a function absent in controls at later time point, or in\n DU<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n NU<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients. In conclusion, our results support a role of B cell\u2010mediated regulation early during the bone healing process.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]],"date-time":"2016-12-24T11:49:08Z","timestamp":1482580148000},"page":"455-462","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Regulatory B cell is critical in bone union process through suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and stimulating Foxp3 in Treg cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Guojing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Jinling Hospital Nanjing University School of Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yicun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Jinling Hospital Nanjing University School of Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu Province 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