{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:25:41Z","timestamp":1774941941557,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]],"date-time":"2017-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL103988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL103988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heart rate recovery (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRR<\/jats:styled-content>) describes the rapid deceleration of heart rate after strenuous exercise and is an indicator of parasympathetic tone. A reduction in parasympathetic tone occurs in patients with congestive heart failure, resulting in prolonged <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRR<\/jats:styled-content>. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as pyridostigmine, can enhance parasympathetic tone by increasing cholinergic input to the heart. The objective of this study was to develop a rodent model of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRR<\/jats:styled-content> to test the hypothesis that subacute pyridostigmine administration decreases cholinesterase activity and accelerates <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRR<\/jats:styled-content> in rats. Ten days after implantation of radiotelemetry transmitters, male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to control (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTL<\/jats:styled-content>) or treated (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PYR<\/jats:styled-content>; 0.14\u00a0mg\/mL pyridostigmine in the drinking water, 29\u00a0days) groups. Rats were exercised on a treadmill to record <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRR<\/jats:styled-content>, and blood samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 28 of pyridostigmine administration. Total cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content>hE) activity in plasma was decreased by 32%\u201043% and 57%\u201080%, respectively, in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PYR<\/jats:styled-content> rats on days 7\u201028, while plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity did not significantly change. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content>hE activity in red blood cells was markedly reduced by 64%\u201066%. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRR<\/jats:styled-content> recorded 1\u00a0minute after exercise was higher in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PYR<\/jats:styled-content> group on days 7, 14 and 28, and on day 7 when <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRR<\/jats:styled-content> was estimated at 3 and 5\u00a0minutes. Autonomic tone was evaluated pharmacologically using sequential administration of muscarinic (atropine) and adrenergic (propranolol) blockers. Parasympathetic tone was increased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PYR<\/jats:styled-content> rats as compared with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTL<\/jats:styled-content> group. These data support the study hypothesis that subacute pyridostigmine administration enhances <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRR<\/jats:styled-content> by increasing cardiac parasympathetic tone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,25]],"date-time":"2017-04-25T21:06:45Z","timestamp":1493154405000},"page":"872-879","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Subacute pyridostigmine exposure increases heart rate recovery and cardiac parasympathetic tone in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Manushree","family":"Bharadwaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University  Stillwater OK USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carey","family":"Pope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University  Stillwater OK USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University  Stillwater OK USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine New York University  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University  Stillwater OK USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0428-0391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University  Stillwater OK USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90405-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197110142851602"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"R310","article-title":"Altered vagal and sympathetic control of heart rate in left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure","volume":"268","author":"Kinugawa T","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-6618(91)90120-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.59.2.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.106.085548"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.01.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00335.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90150-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02332222"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12088"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.104.16.1911"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Post\u2010exercise heart rate recovery: an index of cardiovascular fitness","volume":"12","author":"Dimkpa U","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.11.1392"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910283411804"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(00)00090-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01652-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.4.472"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.8.854"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2008.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00785.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2208-8_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838080-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.6.1572"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2002000800018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00825.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-52-06-34"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91566.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01339.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00102.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2004.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2012.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2013.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0066-782X1999000300003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"1461","article-title":"Resting and reflex heart rate responses during cholinergic stimulation with pyridostigmine in humans","volume":"29","author":"Nobrega AC","year":"1996","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1589"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(93)90057-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-002-0328-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050475"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198902000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272730"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(75)90423-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(05)80272-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-4680(02)00002-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-010-9174-6"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1440-1681.12773","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1440-1681.12773","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T10:40:59Z","timestamp":1695552059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1440-1681.12773"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1440-1681.12773"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1440-1681.12773","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1870","1440-1681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1870","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]]}}}