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A high\u2010salt intake causes renal damage independent of hypertension. Because traditional renal biomarkers are insensitive, it is difficult to detect renal injury induced by a high\u2010salt intake, especially in normotensive patients. Here, we investigated whether newly developed renal biomarkers could be detected earlier than traditional biomarkers under a high\u2010salt intake, in normotensive rats. Male Wistar Kyoto rats (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WKY<\/jats:styled-content>) received a regular (0.8% NaCl) or salt\u2010loaded (2, 4, and 8% NaCl) diet from 9 to 17\u00a0weeks of age. A urine sample was obtained once a week and urinary vanin\u20101, neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>), and kidney injury molecule\u20101 (Kim\u20101) were measured. At 17\u00a0weeks of age, 8% salt\u2010loaded <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WKY<\/jats:styled-content> showed histopathological renal tubular damage and elevated Rac1 activity in renal tissues. Although there was no significant increase in serum creatinine, urinary albumin, N\u2010acetyl\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucosaminidase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAG<\/jats:styled-content>), or Kim\u20101 during the study period among the groups, urinary vanin\u20101 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> significantly increased in 8% salt\u2010loaded <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WKY<\/jats:styled-content> from 10 to 17\u00a0weeks of age. These results suggest that urinary vanin\u20101 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>, which might be induced by salt per se, are potentially earlier biomarkers for renal tubular damage in normotensive rats under a high\u2010salt intake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]],"date-time":"2017-10-13T03:46:42Z","timestamp":1507866402000},"page":"261-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Early urinary biomarkers of renal tubular damage by a high\u2010salt intake independent of blood pressure in normotensive rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Washino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Jichi Medical University  Tochigi 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