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Aortic vascular reactivity was performed in sedentary (SD<\/jats:styled-content>), trained (TR<\/jats:styled-content>), sedentary high\u2010fat diet (SD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010HF<\/jats:styled-content>), and trained high\u2010fat diet (TR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010HF<\/jats:styled-content>) male Wistar rats in the absence (PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212) or in the presence (PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>+) of thoracic PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>. We also measured circulatory concentrations of leptin and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1), as well as the protein expressions of TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 receptor 1 (TNFR<\/jats:styled-content>1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS<\/jats:styled-content>) on PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>. In the SD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010HF<\/jats:styled-content> group, the body weight, epididymal fat pad, thoracic PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>, circulatory triglycerides, insulin, leptin and TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 were increased when compared with the SD<\/jats:styled-content> group, whereas exercise training reduced these values in TR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010HF<\/jats:styled-content> group. The relaxing response curves to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were not modified by either intervention (high\u2010fat diet or exercise training) or the presence of PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>. The presence of PVAT<\/jats:styled-content> had an anti\u2010contractile effect in response to serotonin in all groups. In SD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010HF<\/jats:styled-content> group, the increased magnitude of anti\u2010contractile effects was in parallel with an up\u2010regulation of iNOS<\/jats:styled-content> protein expression in PVAT<\/jats:styled-content> without alteration in TNFR<\/jats:styled-content>1. Exercise training was effective in normalizing the vascular reactivity in rings PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>+ and in reducing the iNOS<\/jats:styled-content> protein expression. Exercise training prevented the PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013induced alteration in thoracic aorta from rats fed a high\u2010fat diet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T11:52:44Z","timestamp":1513684364000},"page":"293-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Anti\u2010contractile effects of perivascular adipose tissue in thoracic aorta from rats fed a high\u2010fat diet: role of aerobic exercise training"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Hygor N.","family":"Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamaira A.","family":"Vict\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmem P.","family":"Valgas da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education Institute of Biosciences S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) Rio Claro SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda C. 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