{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T02:04:00Z","timestamp":1777169040817,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diseases and is commonly comorbid with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>). However, the pathophysiology underlying the depressive state in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> remains poorly understood. Animal models are useful tools to investigate the association between depression and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>. In the present study we investigated whether the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDT<\/jats:styled-content>) fatty rat, a novel animal model of type 2 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>, shows depression\u2010related features. We assessed depression\u2010like behaviour, hyperactivation of the hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenal (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPA<\/jats:styled-content>) axis, and neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Behaviour was evaluated using a forced swimming test, and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPA<\/jats:styled-content> axis was evaluated with changes in plasma corticosterone levels after a swimming stress exposure or dexamethasone challenge. In addition, serotonin (5\u2010hydroxytryptamine; 5\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>), noradrenaline, glutamate and \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content>) concentrations in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and brain stem were measured. In the forced swimming test, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDT<\/jats:styled-content> fatty rats exhibited increased duration of immobility compared with control Sprague\u2013Dawley (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) rats. Moreover, basal corticosterone levels were significantly elevated in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDT<\/jats:styled-content> fatty compared with control <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> rats. However, there were no stress\u2010induced increases or changes in dexamethasone\u2010induced suppression of corticosterone in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDT<\/jats:styled-content> fatty compared with control <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> rats. Furthermore, there were significant changes in 5\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations in the prefrontal cortex, and in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content> and glutamate concentrations in the hippocampus in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDT<\/jats:styled-content> fatty compared with controls. The results of the present study suggest that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDT<\/jats:styled-content> fatty rat may be an appropriate model for diabetes with comorbid depression associated with neurotransmitter impairments and aberrant basal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPA<\/jats:styled-content> hyperactivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T13:42:01Z","timestamp":1526305321000},"page":"927-933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Depression\u2010related behavioural and neuroendocrine changes in the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (<scp>SDT<\/scp>) fatty rat, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9326-937X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsuya","family":"Sakimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological\/Pharmacological Research Laboratories Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Japan Tobacco Inc.  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Takatsuki Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin\u2010ichi","family":"Kume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Functional Anatomy Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological\/Pharmacological Research Laboratories Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Japan Tobacco Inc.  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