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The L\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channel (L\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDCC<\/jats:styled-content>) plays an important role in regulating Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> influx in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASM<\/jats:styled-content>. However, the role of L\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDCC<\/jats:styled-content> in the inflammatory cytokine\u2010induced pathology of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASM<\/jats:styled-content> remains unclear. In the present study, we used calcium imaging and isometric tension measurements to assess the role of L\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDCC<\/jats:styled-content> in agonist\u2010induced [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> rise and the associated contractions in mouse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASM<\/jats:styled-content>, and we used immunoblotting to identify L\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDCC<\/jats:styled-content> protein expression levels in mouse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASM<\/jats:styled-content> after exposure to tumour necrosis factor alpha (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1) or interleukin\u20108 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108). Our results showed that high\u2010K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010 or carbachol\u2010induced contractions of mouse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASM<\/jats:styled-content> were significantly greater after pretreatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 for 24\u00a0hours. Both verapamil and nifedipine, L\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDCC<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors, abolished this increased contraction induced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 pretreatment. Moreover, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 treatment enhanced carbachol\u2010induced Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> influx in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASM<\/jats:styled-content> cells, and this effect was abrogated by verapamil. Additionally, immunoblotting results showed that preincubation of mouse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASM<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 also enhanced L\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDCC<\/jats:styled-content> protein expression. On the basis of these findings, we concluded that proinflammatory cytokines, such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108, increase the expression level of L\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDCC<\/jats:styled-content>, which in turn contributes to augmented agonist\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASM<\/jats:styled-content> contractions. This effect of inflammation on L\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDCC<\/jats:styled-content> expression in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASM<\/jats:styled-content> may be associated with airway hyper\u2010responsiveness and involved in the development of asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]],"date-time":"2018-09-11T06:58:13Z","timestamp":1536649093000},"page":"56-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 and interleukin\u20108 enhance airway smooth muscle contraction by increasing L\u2010type Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> channel expression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Shengang","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui 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