{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T10:31:41Z","timestamp":1779100301382,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81802129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81802129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myocardial ischaemia\u2013reperfusion injury (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIRI<\/jats:styled-content>) is a main pathophysiologic change following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPB<\/jats:styled-content> surgery. L\u2010carnitine, a natural amino acid, is able to transport fatty acids for generating energy and has a protective effect on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIRI<\/jats:styled-content>. We aim to investigate the protective effect of L\u2010carnitine on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIRI<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RVHD<\/jats:styled-content>) performed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPB<\/jats:styled-content> surgical operation and the underlying mechanism. In this study, patients were randomized to three groups. L\u2010carnitine was added to the crystalloid cardioplegic solution for experimental group 1 (6\u00a0g\/L) and experimental group 2 (12\u00a0g\/L), whereas no L\u2010carnitine was used in the control group. Our results showed that L\u2010carnitine significantly attenuated myocardial injury after surgery in these patients. L\u2010carnitine decreased serum markers of myocardial injury including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CK<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MB<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> cTnI<\/jats:styled-content>, hs\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cTnT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMA<\/jats:styled-content>. L\u2010carnitine increased left ventricular ejection fraction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVEF<\/jats:styled-content>) but reduced wall motion score index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WMSI<\/jats:styled-content>) after operation. L\u2010carnitine also inhibited myeloperoxidase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPO<\/jats:styled-content>) activity and inflammatory cytokines in the myocardium of patients after unclamping the aorta. Additionally, L\u2010carnitine increased levels of superoxide dismutase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOD<\/jats:styled-content>) and catalase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAT<\/jats:styled-content>) while decreased levels of malondialdehyde (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content>) and protein carbonyl content in the myocardium of patients after unclamping the aorta. Moreover, L\u2010carnitine suppressed the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB) and activated nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2010related factor 2 (Nrf2). There was also no significant difference in these indices between two experimental groups after unclamping the aorta. Taken together, L\u2010carnitine had a protective effect against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIRI<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RVHD<\/jats:styled-content>, which might be related to its modulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB and Nrf2 activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T14:19:18Z","timestamp":1565273958000},"page":"1001-1012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The protective effects of L\u2010carnitine on myocardial ischaemia\u2013reperfusion injury in patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease undergoing <scp>CPB<\/scp> surgery are associated with the suppression of <scp>NF<\/scp>\u2010\u03baB pathway and the activation of Nrf2 pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suochun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound The Second 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