{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:00:27Z","timestamp":1777561227219,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aluminium is a ubiquitous element that occurs naturally in the soil making human exposure to it unavoidable. It is implicated in the aetiology of different neurodegenerative diseases and can induce liver injury. In addition, insulin resistance (IR) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and the progression of liver disorders. The increased consumption of fructose contained in soft drinks and western pattern diet results in IR that along with the wide distribution of aluminium make the concurrent exposure conceivable and increase the risk of liver injury. Therefore, the present study explores the hepatotoxic effects of aluminium and fructose administered concurrently and evaluates the possible protection by monoammonium glycyrrhizinate (MAG). Liver injury was induced by the administration of aluminium chloride (34\u00a0mg\/kg\/d) plus 10% (w\/v) fructose in drinking water. Male rats were treated with either MAG (40\u00a0mg\/kg\/d) or silymarin (SIL, 100\u00a0mg\/kg\/d). The concurrent administration of aluminium and fructose (FRUAL) induced liver injury manifested as a significant elevation of serum liver enzymes\u00a0activities, bilirubin\u00a0level, and\u00a0prothrombin time, as well as reduction of albumin level. On the other hand, the administration of MAG improved the FRUAL\u2010induced aberrations of liver function tests and hepatic cytoarchitecture. We assume that the MAG\u2010induced suppression of oxidative stress, toll\u2010like receptor 4 pathway activation, inflammation, and apoptosis might\u00a0play a crucial role in the hepatoprotective effect of MAG in this model. Intriguingly, the hepatoprotective effect MAG against FRUAL\u2010induced liver injury surpasses that of the gold standard SIL, suggesting MAG as a better alternative to SIL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T11:28:24Z","timestamp":1579174104000},"page":"809-820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The concurrent exposure to aluminium and fructose induces liver injury in rats: Protection by monoammonium glycyrrhizinate"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rehab A.","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona F.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan M.","family":"El Fayoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2959-0692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr A. 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