{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:12:55Z","timestamp":1789848775300,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,31]],"date-time":"2020-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010221","name":"Higher Education Commision, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6429\/Punjab\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6429\/Punjab\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010221","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010221","name":"Higher Education Commision, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8365\/Punjab\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8365\/Punjab\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010221","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism of Pro\/Ala (rs1801282) in peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor\u2010gamma (PPAR\u2010\u03b3) gene with risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. We recruited 244 participants from Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology and Department of Cardiology, Sargodha District Head Quarter Teaching Hospital, Pakistan. Out of 244 participants, 144 cases were CVD patients and 100 were healthy controls. CVD patients were further divided into 111 coronary artery disease (CAD) and 33 cardiomyopathy (CMP) patients. Assessment of variant specific polymorphism\/mutation of Pro\/Pro and Pro\/Ala genotypes was done through amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS\u2010PCR). Further, serum biomarkers were measured to investigate the association among risk factors of DM and Pro\/Ala polymorphism in PPAR\u2010\u03b3 gene. About 31.5% Pro\/Ala genotype was found in CVD patients out of which 22.5% were CAD patients and 9% were CMP patients. As a result, obesity, hypertension and smoking (35%, 23%, 21%, respectively) were observed to be the most critical risk factors accompanying Pro\/Ala mutation in PPAR\u2010\u03b3 particularly in CAD patients as compared to that in CMP patients. A similar pattern of association was observed among the elevated levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and ALT with Pro\/Ala mutation in CAD patients. Further, CAD patients using ACE inhibitors (18%) and \u03b2\u2010blockers (13%) were found to be the carriers of Pro\/Ala genotype and also showed significant increase in glucose level. This study suggests that hyperglycaemia in CAD patients particularly obese, smokers and hypertensives having Pro\/Ala polymorphism in PPAR\u2010\u03b3 gene are at high risk of developing DM as clearly observed by hyperglycaemia in CAD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T17:59:30Z","timestamp":1589651970000},"page":"1517-1529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Biochemical investigation of rs1801282 variations in PPAR\u2010\u03b3 gene and its correlation with risk factors of diabetes mellitus in coronary artery disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7873-6681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanwal","family":"Rehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan"},{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komal","family":"Jabeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fazli Rabbi","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics and Metabolic Disorders National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misbah","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics and Metabolic Disorders National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Asim","family":"Saddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology District Head Quarter Teaching Hospital Sargodha Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9446-5233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Sajid Hamid","family":"Akash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac7041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1440277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.90879"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.2007.S43"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-09-0320"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-015-0197-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.029173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2018.156"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S13514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160959"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-15-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-016-9765-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.300156"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Control CfD Prevention.How tobacco smoke causes disease: The biology and behavioral basis for smoking\u2010attributable disease: a report of the surgeon general.2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08037050510008896"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AkpanU.Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome in Male Cigarette Smokers in Calabar. 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