{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:38:11Z","timestamp":1772159891654,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chronic low back pain (LBP) has high prevalence in the adult population which is associated with enormous disability. Hence, our aim was to further characterise our LBP rat model by using immunohistological and immunohistochemical methods at an advanced stage (day 49) of the model. Male Sprague\u2010Dawley rats were anaesthetised and their lumbar L4\/L5 and L5\/L6 intervertebral discs (IVDs) were punctured (0.5\u00a0mm outer diameter, 2\u00a0mm\u2010deep) 10 times per disc. Sham\u2010rats underwent similar surgery, but no discs were punctured. For LBP\u2010 but not sham\u2010rats, noxious pressure hyperalgesia was fully developed in the lumbar axial deep tissues on day 21 post\u2010surgery, which was maintained until at least day 49. In the lumbar (L4\u2013L6) dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), somatostatin (SRIF) and the somatostatin receptor type 4 (SST\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor) were co\u2010localised with substance P and IB4, markers of small diameter unmyelinated peptidergic and non\u2010peptidergic C\u2010fibres respectively as well as with NF200, a marker of medium to large diameter neurons. On day 49, there was increased expression of SRIF but not the somatostatin receptor type 4 (SST\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor) in the lumbar DRGs and the spinal dorsal horns. There were increased DRG expression levels of the putative pro\u2010nociceptive mediators: phosphorylated p38 (pp38) mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphorylated p44\/p42 MAPK (pp44\/pp42 MAPK) as well as pp38 MAPK expression levels in the lumbar spinal cord. Taken together, the increased expression of SRIF in the lumbar DRGs and spinal cord and its co\u2010localisation with nociceptive fibres in DRG sections suggest a potential role of SRIF in modulating chronic mechanical LBP.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]],"date-time":"2020-09-05T07:47:10Z","timestamp":1599292030000},"page":"96-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characterisation of a rat model of mechanical low back pain at an advanced stage using immunohistochemical methods"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6473-8608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas S. 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KG Biberach Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Corradini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &amp; Co. KG Biberach Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2281-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maree T.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 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