{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:39:26Z","timestamp":1792291166366,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hantaviruses are enveloped negative (\u2212) single\u2010stranded RNA viruses belongs to\n                    <jats:italic>Hantaviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    family, hosted by small rodents and entering into the human body through inhalation, causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) also known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Hantaviruses infect approximately more than 200\u00a0000 people annually all around the world and its mortality rate is about 35%\u201340%. Hantaviruses play significant role in affecting the target cells as these inhibit the apoptotic factor in these cells. These viruses impair the integrity of endothelial barrier due to an excessive innate immune response that is proposed to be central in the pathogenesis and is a hallmark of hantavirus disease. A wide range of different diagnostic tools including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT), enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblot assay (IBA), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and other molecular techniques are used as detection tools for hantavirus in the human body. Now the availability of therapeutic modalities is the major challenge to control this deadly virus because still no FDA approved drug or vaccine is available. Antiviral agents, DNA\u2010based vaccines, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies neutralized the viruses so these techniques are considered as the hope for the treatment of hantavirus disease. This review has been compiled to provide a comprehensive overview of hantaviruses disease, its pathophysiology, diagnostic tools and the treatment approaches to control the hantavirus infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T03:57:47Z","timestamp":1600055867000},"page":"20-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Hantavirus diseases pathophysiology, their diagnostic strategies and therapeutic approaches: A review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Naveed","family":"Munir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Jahangeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoukat","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahed","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehvish","family":"Ashiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry The Women University Multan Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Ehsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad 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