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Apocynin is considered an antioxidant agent which inhibits NADPH oxidase activity and improves reactive oxygen species scavenging. However, it is unclear whether apocynin prevents reduced myocardial NGF, leading to improvement of cardiac function in HF. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that apocynin prevents reduced myocardial NGF, contributing to amelioration of myocardial apoptosis and failure. Rabbits with myocardial infarction (MI) or sham operation were randomly assigned to receive apocynin or placebo for 4\u00a0weeks. MI rabbits exhibited left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, and elevation in oxidative stress, as evidenced by a decreased reduced\u2010to\u2010oxidized glutathione ratio and an increased 4\u2010hydroxynonenal expression, and reduction in NGF and NGF receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrKA) expression in the remote non\u2010infarcted myocardium. Apocynin treatment ameliorated LV dysfunction, reduced oxidative stress, prevented decreases in NGF and TrKA expression and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI. In cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes, hypoxia or hydrogen peroxide decreased NGF expression, and apocynin normalized hypoxia\u2010induced reduction of NGF. Recombinant NGF attenuated hypoxia\u2010induced apoptosis. Apocynin prevented hypoxia\u2010induced apoptosis, and the suppressive effect of apocynin on apoptosis was abolished by NGF receptor TrKA inhibitor K252a. We concluded that apocynin prevented reduced myocardial NGF, leading to attenuation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and LV remodelling and dysfunction in HF after MI. These findings suggest that strategies to prevent NGF reduction by inhibition of oxidative stress may be of value in amelioration of LV dysfunction in HF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:40:58Z","timestamp":1614645658000},"page":"704-716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Apocynin prevents reduced myocardial nerve growth factor, contributing to amelioration of myocardial apoptosis and failure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Jie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan China"},{"name":"Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University 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