{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T09:56:55Z","timestamp":1771667815495,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003062","name":"Erciyes \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic hypoxia negatively affects male fertility by causing pathological changes in male reproductive system. However, underlying mechanisms of this damage are unknown. Chloroquine (CLQ) is an anti\u2010inflammatory agent that is widely used in the treatment of inflammation\u2010related diseases such as malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of CLQ in the hypoxia\u2010induced testicular damage via assessment of hypoxic response, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. For this purpose, 32 Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups as control (given 20%\u201021% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, no treatment), CLQ (given 50\u2009mg\/kg and 20%\u201021% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>for 28\u2009days), hypoxia (HX) (given 10% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>for 28\u2009days) and HX\u2009+\u2009CLQ (given 50\u2009mg\/kg and 10% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>for 28\u2009days). After the experiment, blood samples and testicular tissues were taken. Histopathological evaluation was performed on testicular tissues and hypoxia\u2010inducible factor 1\u2010\u03b1 (HIF1\u2010\u03b1), heat shock proteins (HSPs) HSP70, HSP90 and growth arrest and DNA damage\u2010inducible gene 153 (GADD153) expression levels were detected via immunohistochemistry. Moreover, apoptotic cells were detected via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining and serum testosterone levels were determined by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. Histopathological changes, apoptotic cell numbers and HIF1\u2010\u03b1, HSP70, HSP90 and GADD153 expressions significantly increased in HX group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Moreover, serum testosterone levels decreased in this group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). However, CLQ exerted a strong ameliorative effect on all parameters in HX\u2009+\u2009CLQ group. According to our results, we suggested that CLQ can be considered as an alternative protective agent for eliminating the negative effects of hypoxic conditions on male fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T13:45:36Z","timestamp":1652795136000},"page":"813-823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chloroquine attenuates chronic hypoxia\u2010induced testicular damage via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in experimental rat model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1408-8571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Tugrul","family":"Akin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey"},{"name":"Drug Application and Research Center Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emin","family":"Kaymak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology\u2010Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine Yozgat Bozok University Yozgat Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tayfun","family":"Ceylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, Kapadokya Vocational High School Kapadokya University Nevsehir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emel","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology\u2010Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine Harran University Sanliurfa Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kemal Erdem","family":"Basaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derya","family":"Karabulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology\u2010Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saim","family":"Ozdamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology\u2010Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine Pamukkale University Denizli Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birkan","family":"Yakan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology\u2010Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-7364-4-2-79"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-97602013000100009"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Response to hypoxia. 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