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Non\u2010human primates (NHPs) are excellent for studying hyperglycaemia or diabetes and associated comorbidities, but lack behavioural observation. In the study, behavioural, brain imaging and histological analysis were performed in a case of spontaneously hyperglycaemic (HGM) <jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis.<\/jats:italic> The results were shown that the HGM monkey had persistent body weight loss, long\u2010term hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, but normal concentrations of insulin, C\u2010peptide, insulin autoantibody, islet cell antibody and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody. Importantly, an impaired working memory in a delayed response task and neurological dysfunctions were found in the HGM monkey. The tendency for atrophy in hippocampus was observed by magnetic resonance imaging. Lenticular opacification, lens fibres disruptions and vacuole formation also occurred to the HGM monkey. The data suggested that the spontaneous HGM monkey might present diabetes\u2010like characteristics and associated neurobehavioral anomalies in this case. This study first reported cognitive deficits in a spontaneous hyperglycaemia NHPs, which might provide evidence to use macaque as a promising model for translational research in diabetes and neurological complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T04:35:20Z","timestamp":1713846920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A spontaneous hyperglycaemic cynomolgus monkey presents cognitive deficits, neurological dysfunction and cataract"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Hongdi","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Resource Center for Non\u2010Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center and National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility) Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming 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