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The effectiveness of kaempferol (KF), a common component of several medications used to reduce inflammation and prevent fibrotic diseases, in preventing postoperative PA formation is unknown. This study explored the effectiveness and mechanism of KF in preventing PA formation following surgery. The animal adhesion model revealed that KF could effectively prevent adhesions formation and inhibit mesothelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (MMT). Protein\u2013protein interaction and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that TNF\u2010\u03b1 may be the key target through which KF prevents adhesion formation. Here, KF was found to inhibit TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010induced MMT. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses revealed that common genes between KF and PA are enriched in the TNF signalling pathway. Moreover, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) was identified as a downstream target of TNF\u2010\u03b1 whose expression is positively correlated with adhesion formation. Most importantly, COX2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and overexpression plasmid (OE) transfection experiments confirmed that KF inhibits MMT by blocking the TNF\u2010\u03b1\/COX2 signalling pathway. Finally, molecular docking revealed that TNF\u2010\u03b1 is a binding target of KF. In conclusion, these results suggest that KF inhibits MMT by blocking the TNF\u2010\u03b1\/COX2 signalling pathway, thus attenuating adhesion formation. These results provide new insights into the development of antiadhesion drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T09:52:50Z","timestamp":1754473970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Kaempferol Suppresses Mesothelial\u2013Mesenchymal Transition and Attenuates Postoperative Peritoneal Adhesions by Blocking the <scp>TNF<\/scp>\u2010\u03b1\/<scp>COX2<\/scp> Signalling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwei","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minimally Invasive &amp; Interventional Department The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University &amp; Henan Cancer Hospital  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enmeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianli","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2497-020X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Department of Talent Highland The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cancan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(19)32636\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605\u2010017\u20103488\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.08.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202000395"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1015\u20109584(09)60392\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"History of Medical Societies in the Kuban","volume":"1","author":"Koval'skaia A. 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