{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:04:50Z","timestamp":1789718690461,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men, and its progression is closely related to epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy imbalance. 18\u03b2\u2010Glycyrrhetinic acid (18\u03b2\u2010GA) has been reported to exhibit various anti\u2010tumour activities. This study aims to systematically evaluate the impact of 18\u03b2\u2010GA on the malignant biological behaviours of PCa and explore its potential molecular mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The human PCa cell lines LNCaP and PC\u20103 were used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of 18\u03b2\u2010GA on malignant progression. The potential mechanisms were further explored by assessing EMT markers, autophagy\u2010related proteins and angiogenesis. The role of the PTEN\/PI3K\/mTOR pathway in 18\u03b2\u2010GA's effects was explored through siRNA\u2010mediated PTEN knockdown and Western blot analysis. A PCa xenograft model was established in\u00a0vivo to assess the impact of 18\u03b2\u2010GA on tumour growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>18\u03b2\u2010GA significantly inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of LNCaP and PC\u20103 cells, while promoting apoptosis, with no significant toxicity to RWPE\u20101 cells. 18\u03b2\u2010GA upregulated E\u2010cadherin and Claudin\u20101, while downregulating N\u2010cadherin, Vimentin, Snail and MMP2\/9, thus inhibiting the EMT process and reducing the angiogenesis capacity and VEGF expression in HUVECs. Additionally, 18\u03b2\u2010GA increased the LC3\u2010II\/LC3\u2010I ratio, upregulated Beclin1 and ATG7 and downregulated p62, indicating activation of autophagic flux. Mechanistic studies revealed that 18\u03b2\u2010GA upregulated PTEN expression and inhibited PI3K and mTOR phosphorylation. PTEN knockdown partially reversed its effects on autophagy, EMT and malignant phenotypes. In\u00a0vivo experiments further confirmed that 18\u03b2\u2010GA significantly suppressed xenograft tumour growth and exhibited anti\u2010tumour effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>18\u03b2\u2010GA inhibits the malignant progression of PCa cells and xenograft tumour growth by upregulating PTEN and inhibiting the PI3K\/mTOR axis, synergistically activating autophagy and inhibiting EMT and angiogenesis. 18\u03b2\u2010GA holds promise as a potential anti\u2010PCa drug targeting the PTEN\/PI3K\/mTOR pathway, jointly regulating autophagy and EMT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.70156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T06:42:59Z","timestamp":1789108979000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["18 \u03b2\u2010Glycyrrhetinic Acid Inhibits Malignant Progression of Prostate Cancer via Regulation of Autophagy and\n                    <scp>EMT<\/scp>\n                    Induced by\n                    <scp>PTEN<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>PI3K<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>mTOR<\/scp>\n                    Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Dawei","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering  Wuhan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2262-3507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongfeng","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology II The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University  Kunming Yunnan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-025-17990-7"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","first-page":"e48252","article-title":"An In\u2010Depth Look Into the Epidemiological and Etiological Aspects of Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review","volume":"15","author":"Al\u2010Ghazawi M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108818"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.62382\/jcbt.v2i3.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34950"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24372"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44446-025-00056-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032939"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01608-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02148-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","first-page":"418","article-title":"Epithelial\u2010Mesenchymal Transition: A Fundamental Cellular and Microenvironmental Process in Benign and Malignant Prostate Pathologies","volume":"12","author":"Goncharov A. 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