{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:45:39Z","timestamp":1789778739085,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,24]],"date-time":"2013-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metronome\u2010paced speech results in the elimination, or substantial reduction, of stuttering moments. The cause of fluency during this fluency\u2010inducing condition is unknown. Several investigations have reported changes in speech pattern characteristics from a control condition to a metronome\u2010paced speech condition, but failure to control speech rate between conditions limits our ability to determine if the changes were necessary for fluency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined the effect of speech rate on several speech production variables during one\u2010syllable\u2010per\u2010beat metronomic speech in order to determine changes that may be important for fluency during this fluency\u2010inducing condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods &amp; Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirteen persons who stutter (PWS), aged 18\u201362 years, completed a series of speaking tasks. Several speech production variables were compared between conditions produced at different metronome beat rates, and between a control condition and a metronome\u2010paced speech condition produced at a rate equal to the control condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes &amp; Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vowel duration, voice onset time, pressure rise time and phonated intervals were significantly impacted by metronome beat rate. Voice onset time and the percentage of short (30\u2013100 ms) phonated intervals significantly decreased from the control condition to the equivalent rate metronome\u2010paced speech condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>A reduction in the percentage of short phonated intervals may be important for fluency during syllable\u2010based metronome\u2010paced speech for PWS. Future studies should continue examining the necessity of this reduction. In addition, speech rate must be controlled in future fluency\u2010inducing condition studies, including neuroimaging investigations, in order for this research to make a substantial contribution to finding the fluency\u2010inducing mechanism of fluency\u2010inducing conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,24]],"date-time":"2013-08-24T10:50:43Z","timestamp":1377341443000},"page":"100-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Systematic studies of modified vocalization: the effect of speech rate on speech production measures during metronome\u2010paced speech in persons who stutter"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Jason H.","family":"Davidow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Sciences Hofstra University  Hempstead NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.427949"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2012\/11-0038)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2502.208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Speech Physiology","author":"Barlow S. 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