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Vocabulary treatments and targets were examined with respect to their alignment with the empirically validated practice of rich vocabulary intervention. Participants were forty\u2010eight 5\u20137\u2010year\u2010old children participating in kindergarten or the first\u2010grade year of school, all of whom had vocabulary\u2010specific goals on their individualized education programmes. Two therapy sessions per child were coded to determine what vocabulary words were being directly targeted and what techniques were used for each. Study findings showed that the majority of words directly targeted during therapy were lower\u2010level basic vocabulary words (87%) and very few (1%) were academically relevant. On average, three techniques were used per word to promote deep understanding. Interpreting findings against empirical descriptions of rich vocabulary intervention indicates that children were exposed to some but not all aspects of this empirically supported practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]],"date-time":"2013-12-02T11:42:57Z","timestamp":1385984577000},"page":"288-303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The \u2018robustness\u2019 of vocabulary intervention in the public schools: targets and techniques employed in speech\u2013language therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Justice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University  Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Beth","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University  Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University  Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University  Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tricia","family":"Biancone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University  Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Advancing our students' language and literacy: the challenge of complex texts","volume":"34","author":"Adams M. 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