{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:07:43Z","timestamp":1791202063473,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,29]],"date-time":"2014-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["127555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["127555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008488","name":"Alma and K.A. Snellman Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social perception skills, such as understanding the mind and emotions of others, affect children's communication abilities in real\u2010life situations. In addition to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is increasing knowledge that children with specific language impairment (SLI) also demonstrate difficulties in their social perception abilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the performance of children with SLI, ASD and typical development (TD) in social perception tasks measuring Theory of Mind (ToM) and emotion recognition. In addition, to evaluate the association between social perception tasks and language tests measuring word\u2010finding abilities, knowledge of grammatical morphology and verbal working memory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method &amp; Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Children with SLI (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 18), ASD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 14) and TD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 25) completed two NEPSY\u2010II subtests measuring social perception abilities: (1) Affect Recognition and (2) ToM (includes Verbal and non\u2010verbal Contextual tasks). In addition, children's word\u2010finding abilities were measured with the TWF\u20102, grammatical morphology by using the Grammatical Closure subtest of ITPA, and verbal working memory by using subtests of Sentence Repetition or Word List Interference (chosen according the child's age) of the NEPSY\u2010II.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes &amp; Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with ASD scored significantly lower than children with SLI or TD on the NEPSY\u2010II Affect Recognition subtest. Both SLI and ASD groups scored significantly lower than TD children on Verbal tasks of the ToM subtest of NEPSY\u2010II. However, there were no significant group differences on non\u2010verbal Contextual tasks of the ToM subtest of the NEPSY\u2010II. Verbal tasks of the ToM subtest were correlated with the Grammatical Closure subtest and TWF\u20102 in children with SLI. In children with ASD correlation between TWF\u20102 and ToM: Verbal tasks was moderate, almost achieving statistical significance, but no other correlations were found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both SLI and ASD groups showed difficulties in tasks measuring verbal ToM but differences were not found in tasks measuring non\u2010verbal Contextual ToM. The association between Verbal ToM tasks and language tests was stronger in children with SLI than in children with ASD. There is a need for further studies in order to understand interaction between different areas of language and cognitive development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,29]],"date-time":"2014-05-29T08:35:13Z","timestamp":1401352513000},"page":"498-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Theory of mind and emotion recognition skills in children with specific language impairment, autism spectrum disorder and typical development: group differences and connection to knowledge of grammatical morphology, word\u2010finding abilities and verbal working memory"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Soile","family":"Loukusa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Language Research Center, Faculty of Humanities Logopedics, University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"M\u00e4kinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Language Research Center, Faculty of Humanities Logopedics, University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna","family":"Kuusikko\u2010Gauffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Child Psychiatry University and University Hospital of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Ebeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Child Psychiatry University and University Hospital of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irma","family":"Moilanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Child Psychiatry University and University Hospital of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01539.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Understanding Other Minds\u2014Perspectives from Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","author":"Baron\u2010Cohen S.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-010-9381-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361305056082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00342.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0198-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2004\/013)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2009.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2003\/002)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"Test of Word Finding","author":"German D. 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