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There is a need for a better understanding of syntax in ASD and its relation to, or dissociation from, nonverbal abilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Syntax in ASD was assessed by evaluating subject and object relative clause comprehension in adolescents and adults diagnosed with ASD with a performance IQ within the normal range, and with or without a history of language delay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods &amp; Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010eight participants with ASD (mean age 21.8) and 28 age\u2010matched controls (mean age 22.07) were required to point to a character designated by relative clauses that varied in syntactic complexity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes &amp; Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scores indicate that participants with ASD regardless of the language development history perform significantly worse than age\u2010matched controls with object relative clauses. In addition, participants with ASD with a history of language delay (diagnosed with high\u2010functioning autism in the DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR) perform worse on subject relatives than ASD participants without language delay (diagnosed with Asperger syndrome in the DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR), suggesting that these two groups do not have equivalent linguistic abilities. Performance IQ has a positive impact on the success of the task for the population with ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study reveals subtle grammatical difficulties remaining in adult individuals with ASD within normal IQ range as compared with age\u2010matched peers. Even in the absence of a history of language delay in childhood, the results suggest that a slight deficit may nevertheless be present and go undetected by standardized language assessments. Both groups with and without language delay have a similar global performance on relative clause comprehension; however, the study also indicates that the participants with reported language delay show more difficulty with subject relatives than the participants without language delay, suggesting the presence of differences in linguistic abilities between these subgroups of ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]],"date-time":"2014-09-19T17:11:31Z","timestamp":1411146691000},"page":"260-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Complex syntax in autism spectrum disorders: a study of relative clauses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Durrleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Science  CNRS Lyon France"},{"name":"Department of Linguistics University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loyse","family":"Hippolyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Medical Genetics Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Zufferey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht Institute of linguistics University of Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Maison d'Analyse des Processus Sociaux University of Neuch\u00e2tel  Neuch\u00e2tel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nouchine","family":"Hadjikhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatric Center  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000909990250"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2012.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.126.2.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"Bates D.andMaechler M. 2010 lme4: Linear Mixed\u2010Effects Models Using S4 Classes. 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