{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:55:29Z","timestamp":1791050129839,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]],"date-time":"2014-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["410-2009-0348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["410-2009-0348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research on children's word structure development is limited. Yet, phonological intervention aims to accelerate the acquisition of both speech\u2013sounds and word structure, such as word length, stress or shapes in CV sequences. Until normative studies and meta\u2010analyses provide in\u2010depth information on this topic, smaller investigations can provide initial benchmarks for clinical purposes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To provide preliminary reference data for word structure development in a variety of Spanish with highly restricted coda use: Granada Spanish (similar to many Hispano\u2010American varieties). To be clinically applicable, such data would need to show differences by age, developmental typicality and word structure complexity. Thus, older typically developing (TD) children were expected to show higher accuracy than younger children and those with protracted phonological development (PPD). Complex or phonologically marked forms (e.g. multisyllabic words, clusters) were expected to be late developing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods &amp; Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were 59 children aged 3\u20135 years in Granada, Spain: 30 TD children, and 29 with PPD and no additional language impairments. Single words were digitally recorded by a native Spanish speaker using a 103\u2010word list and transcribed by native Spanish speakers, with confirmation by a second transcriber team and acoustic analysis. The program Phon 1.5 provided quantitative data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes &amp; Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In accordance with expectations, the TD and older age groups had better\u2010established word structures than the younger children and those with PPD. Complexity was also relevant: more structural mismatches occurred in multisyllabic words, initial unstressed syllables and clusters. Heterosyllabic consonant sequences were more accurate than syllable\u2010initial sequences. The most common structural mismatch pattern overall was consonant deletion, with syllable deletion most common in 3\u2010year\u2010olds and children with PPD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study provides preliminary reference data for word structure development in a Spanish variety with restricted coda use, both by age and types of word structures. Between ages 3 and 5 years, global measures (whole word match, word shape match) distinguished children with typical versus protracted phonological development. By age 4, children with typical development showed near\u2010mastery of word structures, whereas 4\u2010 and 5\u2010year\u2010olds with PPD continued to show syllable deletion and cluster reduction, especially in multisyllabic words. The results underline the relevance of multisyllabic words and words with clusters in Spanish phonological assessment and the utility of word structure data for identification of protracted phonological development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]],"date-time":"2014-12-17T12:17:09Z","timestamp":1418818629000},"page":"298-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Word structures of Granada Spanish\u2010speaking preschoolers with typical versus protracted phonological development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"May Bernhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Valpara\u00edso Valpara\u00edso Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lle\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Stemberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Carballo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Fresneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ch\u00e1vez\u2010Pe\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropolog\u00eda Social Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0214-4603(98)75683-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Prueba de Lenguaje Oral, Navarra Revisada (PLON\u2010R)","author":"Aguinaga G.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21437\/SpeechProsody.2010-13","volume-title":"Word Prosody in Early Child Catalan, Spanish and English","author":"Astruc L.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/cjl.2004.0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3701.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Phonological Development: From the Perspective of Constraint\u2010based Nonlinear Phonology","author":"Bernhardt B. H.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"170","volume-title":"Multilingual Aspects of Speech Sound Disorders in Children","author":"Bernhardt B. M.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"L'adquisici\u00f3 de les codes en Catal\u00e0 i en Castell\u00e0 [Acquisition of codas in Catalan and Castilian Spanish]","volume":"33","author":"Borr\u00e0s\u2010Comes J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Estudis Rom\u00e0nics (Institut d\u2019Estudis Catalans)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n Fonol\u00f3gica del Habla Infantil","author":"Bosch L.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0214-4603(10)70118-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Procesos fonol\u00f3gicos en el habla infantil de Granada: evoluci\u00f3n y dialecto [Phonological processes in child speech in Granada: development and dialect]","volume":"2","author":"Carballo G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Revista de Logopedia, Foniatr\u00eda y Audiolog\u00eda"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/cilt.69.06car"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699206.2011.608463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613504966"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Las etapas tard\u00edas de la adquisici\u00f3n fonol\u00f3gica: procesos de reducci\u00f3n de grupos conson\u00e1nticos [Late stages in phonological acquisition: cluster reduction processes]","volume":"35","author":"Diez\u2010Itza E.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anuario de Psicolog\u00eda"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699206.2013.800134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","volume-title":"PPVT\u2010III Peabody: Test de Vocabulario en Im\u00e1genes","author":"Dunn L.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"1973 The Scottish Rite Institute for Childhood Aphasia Stanford University Stanford CA M. L. Edwards B. Bernhardt Phonological analyses of the speech of four children with language disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics","author":"Field A.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699200010017814"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"623","article-title":"El proceso de adquisici\u00f3n de los grupos conson\u00e1nticos en los ni\u00f1os de la provincia de Sevilla","volume":"20","author":"G\u00f3mez Fern\u00e1ndez D.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cauce"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"1981 State College PA Pennsylvania State University A. Gonz\u00e1lez A descriptive study of phonological development in normal speaking Puerto Rican preschoolers"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","volume-title":"Phonological Disability in children","author":"Ingram D.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1174\/021435596763003277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","volume-title":"K\u2010BIT: Test Breve de Inteligencia de Kaufman; Adaptaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola","author":"Kaufman A.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13670069020060030501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/prbs.2003.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00238309060490020401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","volume-title":"Distinctive Feature Analysis of Misarticulations","author":"McReynolds L.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"875","volume-title":"Handbook of Speech Pathology and Audiology","author":"Powers M. H.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Frecuencia de los esquemas acentuales en espa\u00f1ol [Frequency of stress patterns in Spanish]","volume":"5","author":"Quilis A.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Estudios Ofrecidos a Emilio Alarcos Llorach"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","volume-title":"Tratado de Fonolog\u00eda y Fon\u00e9tica Espa\u00f1olas","author":"Quilis A.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","volume-title":"Nueva Gram\u00e1tica de la Lengua Espa\u00f1ola. Fon\u00e9tica y Fonolog\u00eda","author":"RAE","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Selected Papers of the 38th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages","author":"Rose Y.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199571932.013.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.1404.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","volume-title":"The Acquisition of Phonology","author":"Smith N.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","volume-title":"SPSS for Windows Version 22.0","author":"SPSS","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1196-1961.51.2.139"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Language &amp; Communication Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1460-6984.12133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T23:00:35Z","timestamp":1717628435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1460-6984.12133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12133","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-2822","1460-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-2822","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-06-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-12-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}