{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T21:12:50Z","timestamp":1777583570545,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/I020233\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/I020233\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improving email writing in people with aphasia could enhance their ability to communicate, promote interaction and reduce isolation. Spelling therapies have been effective in improving single\u2010word writing. However, there has been limited evidence on how to achieve changes to everyday writing tasks such as email writing in people with aphasia. One potential area that has been largely unexplored in the literature is the potential use of assistive writing technologies, despite some initial evidence that assistive writing software use can lead to qualitative and quantitative improvements to spontaneous writing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This within\u2010participants case series design study aimed to investigate the effects of using assistive writing software to improve email writing in participants with dysgraphia related to aphasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods &amp; Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight participants worked through a hierarchy of writing tasks of increasing complexity within broad topic areas that incorporate the spheres of writing need of the participants: writing for domestic needs, writing for social needs and writing for business\/administrative needs. Through completing these tasks, participants had the opportunity to use the various functions of the software, such as predictive writing, word banks and text to speech. Therapy also included training and practice in basic computer and email skills to encourage increased independence. Outcome measures included email skills, keyboard skills, email writing and written picture description tasks, and a perception of disability assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes &amp; Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four of the eight participants showed statistically significant improvements to spelling accuracy within emails when using the software. At a group level there was a significant increase in word length with the software; while four participants showed noteworthy changes to the range of word classes used. Enhanced independence in email use and improvements in participants\u2019 perceptions of their writing skills were also noted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provided some initial evidence that assistive writing technologies can support people with aphasia in email writing across a range of important performance parameters. However, more research is needed to measure the effects of these technologies on the writing of people with aphasia, and to determine the optimal compensatory mechanisms for specific people given the linguistic\u2013strategic resources they bring to the task of email writing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T09:33:16Z","timestamp":1465896796000},"page":"106-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Promoting linguistic complexity, greater message length and ease of engagement in email writing in people with aphasia: initial evidence from a study utilizing assistive writing software"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Thiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences Leeds Beckett University  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Sage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Professions Sheffield Hallam University  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NARU, School of Psychological Sciences University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026870300401612"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2012\/11-0360)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026870300401315"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030701800826"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2009\/08-0229)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030802436892"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1368282021000048258"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012619322-0\/50005-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1806-758"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030344000562"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050400013659"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Human Cognitive Neuropsychology","author":"Ellis A. W.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687040143000267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2010.493294"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association Functional Assessment of Communication Skills for Adults","author":"Frattali C.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"BDAE\u20103 The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination","author":"Goodglass H.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Language Intervention Strategies in Aphasia and Related Neurogenic Communication Disorders","author":"Hallowell B.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","volume-title":"The Pyramids and Palm Trees Test","author":"Howard D.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030344000012a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"Jones P. 2010 Internet Access and Use(available at:http:\/\/www.equalityhumanrights.com\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/triennial_review\/triennial_review_internet_access.pdf) (accessed on 11 November 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","volume-title":"Psycholinguistic Assessments of Language Processing in Aphasia (PALPA)","author":"Kay J.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324826AN0704_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07434619512331277309"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"Linguistics and Aphasia: Psycholinguistic and Pragmatic Aspects of Intervention","author":"Lesser R.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5401.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949602900403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030544000218"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","volume-title":"16th International Aphasia Rehabilitation Conference 2014, The Hague","author":"Menger F.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050050191959"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","unstructured":"Meyers J.andMeyers K. 1995 Rey Complex Figure Test and Recognition Trial.USA:Psychological Assessment Resources Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(85)90080-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687040042000188"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026870300401333"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","volume-title":"C\u2010Speak Aphasia: A Communication System for Adults with Aphasia","author":"Nicholas M.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030544000245"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2011.559051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2008.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"The Handbook of Adult Language Disorders: Integrating Cognitive Neuropsychology, Neurology, and Rehabilitation","author":"Rapp B.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030544000209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","unstructured":"Reitan R. M. 1992 Trail Making Test: Manual for administration and scoring.Tucson AZ:Reitan Neuropsychology Laboratory."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030600738945"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0269905031000070189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","unstructured":"K. Swinburn G. Porter D. Howard 2004 Psychology Press Hove"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2014.965059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2015.1026357"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","article-title":"Normative data for email writing by native speakers of British English","volume":"3","author":"Thiel L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Open Psychology Data"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030344000571"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","unstructured":"Warrington E. K. 1996 The Camden Memory Tests.Hove:Psychology Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/492935"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203493502","volume-title":"A Cognitive Neuropsychological Approach to Assessment and Intervention in Aphasia: A Clinician's Guide","author":"Whitworth A.","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Language &amp; Communication Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1460-6984.12261","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1460-6984.12261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T02:05:42Z","timestamp":1696471542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1460-6984.12261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12261","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-2822","1460-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-2822","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-12-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-03-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}