{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T23:27:40Z","timestamp":1774654060076,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]],"date-time":"2018-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0401388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0401388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electropalatography (EPG) records details of the location and timing of tongue contacts with the hard palate during speech. It has been effective in treating articulation disorders that have failed to respond to conventional therapy approaches but, until now, its use with children and adolescents with intellectual\/learning disabilities and speech disorders has been limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the usefulness of EPG in the treatment of speech production difficulties in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) aged 8\u201318 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods &amp; Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 27 children with DS were assessed on a range of cognitive and speech and language measures and underwent additional EPG assessment. Participants were randomly allocated to one of three age\u2010matched groups receiving either EPG therapy, EPG\u2010informed conventional therapy or \u2018treatment as usual\u2019 over a 12\u2010week period. The speech of all children was assessed before therapy using the Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (DEAP) and reassessed immediately post\u2010 and 3 and 6 months post\u2010intervention to measure percentage consonants correct (PCC). EPG recordings were made of the DEAP assessment items at all time points. Per cent intelligibility was also calculated using the Children's Speech Intelligibility Measure (CSIM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes &amp; Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gains in accuracy of production immediately post\u2010therapy, as measured by PCC, were seen for all groups. Reassessment at 3 and 6 months post\u2010therapy revealed that those who had received therapy based directly on EPG visual feedback were more likely to maintain and improve on these gains compared with the other groups. Statistical testing showed significant differences between groups in DEAP scores across time points, although the majority did not survive post\u2010hoc evaluation. Intelligibility across time points, as measured by CSIM, was also highly variable within and between the three groups, but despite significant correlations between DEAP and CSIM at all time points, no statistically significant group differences emerged.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>EPG was an effective intervention tool for improving speech production in many participants. This may be because it capitalizes on the relative strength of visual over auditory processing in this client group. The findings would seem to warrant an increased focus on addressing speech production difficulties in current therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]],"date-time":"2018-07-24T11:33:48Z","timestamp":1532432028000},"page":"234-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Use of electropalatography in the treatment of speech disorders in children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Sara E.","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Audiology, Speech and Language Research Centre Queen Margaret University  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Timmins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences and Health University of Strathclyde  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Wishart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moray House School of Education University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Hardcastle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Audiology, Speech and Language Research Centre Queen Margaret University  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Cleland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences and Health University of Strathclyde  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2007.00418.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2002\/073)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Speech Production and Perception: Learning and Memory","author":"Cleland J.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699200903061776"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13682820902745453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2001.00327.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (DEAP)","author":"Dodd B.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"British Picture Vocabulary Scale\u2014Second Edition","author":"Dunn L.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Dyke P. 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