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A growing body of research has investigated U\u2010VBF in intervention for developmental SSD; however, diversity in study design, participant characteristics, clinical methods and outcomes complicate the interpretation of this literature. Thus, there is a need for a synthesis and review of the evidence base for using U\u2010VBF in intervention for SSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To synthesise and evaluate the research evidence for U\u2010VBF in intervention for developmental SSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review was conducted. Eight electronic databases were searched for peer\u2010reviewed articles published before 2018. Details about study design, participants, intervention procedures, service delivery, intervention intensity and outcomes were extracted from each study that met the inclusion criteria. The included studies were rated using both a critical appraisal tool and for their reporting of intervention detail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Contributions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010eight papers, comprising 29 studies, met the inclusion criteria. The most common research design was single\u2010case experimental design (44.8% of studies). The studies included between one and 13 participants (mean = 4.1) who had a mean age of approximately 11 years (range = 4;0\u201327 years). Within the research evidence, U\u2010VBF intervention was typically provided as part of, or as an adjunct to, other articulatory\u2010based therapy approaches. A range of lingual sounds were targeted in intervention, with 80.6% of participants across all reviewed studies receiving intervention targeting rhotics. Outcomes following therapy were generally positive with the majority of studies reporting that U\u2010VBF facilitated acquisition of targets, with effect sizes ranging from no effect to a large effect. Difficulties with generalisation were observed for some participants. Most studies (79.3%) were categorised as efficacy rather than effectiveness studies and represented lower levels of evidence. Overall, the reviewed studies scored more highly on measures of external validity than internal validity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The evidence base for U\u2010VBF is developing; however, most studies used small sample sizes and lower strength designs. Current evidence indicates that U\u2010VBF may be an effective adjunct to intervention for some individuals whose speech errors persist despite previous intervention. The results of this systematic review underscore the need for more high\u2010quality and large\u2010scale research exploring the use of this intervention in both controlled and community contexts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T07:32:59Z","timestamp":1560151979000},"page":"705-728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Systematic review of ultrasound visual biofeedback in intervention for speech sound disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5722-3035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor","family":"Sugden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences and Health University of Strathclyde  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences and Health University of Strathclyde  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Clinical Audiology, Speech &amp; Language Research Centre Queen Margaret University  Musselburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Speech and Language Therapy NHS Lothian  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0660-1646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Cleland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences and Health University of Strathclyde  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijmr.12102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2007\/017)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association (ASHA) 2004 Evidence\u2010Based Practice (EBP): Step 3: Assessing the Evidence(available at:https:\/\/www.asha.org\/Research\/EBP\/Assessing-the-Evidence\/)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"206","article-title":"Attaining the lingual components of \/r\/ with ultrasound for three adolescents with cochlear implants","volume":"34","author":"Bacsfalvi P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Speech\u2013Language Pathology and Audiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699206.2011.618236"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14417040601101037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0265659004ct275oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_AJSLP-17-0127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-006-9013-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699200701801225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Exploring the use of electropalatography and ultrasound in speech habilitation","volume":"29","author":"Bernhardt B. 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