{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T05:57:58Z","timestamp":1787896678581,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Whilst research into the wide\u2010ranging needs of family members following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well established, investigation into the specific needs of families in relation to supporting cognitive\u2013communication difficulties, relationships and social participation is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify the family needs for cognitive\u2010communication difficulties following TBI and to explore whether current services are meeting these needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods &amp; Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following a successful pilot, family members from the UK and Australia were invited via posters, social media and e\u2010mail to take part in an anonymous, communication needs survey. Data arising from the thirty two closed questions (six eligibility, nine demographic and seventeen needs questions) were analysed using SPSS descriptive statistics. Data arising from one open question were analysed using qualitative content analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes &amp; Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 102 family members from the UK (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 89, 87%) and Australia (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 13, 13%) completed the survey. The majority of respondents were female (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 76; 75%), between the ages of 30 and 69 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 88; 87%), and either a parent or a partner of the person following TBI (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 78;76%). Respondents rated information about expected recovery from cognitive\u2010communication difficulties and training in helpful strategies as their most important needs. The majority of respondents (more than 60%) were not satisfied that any of their cognitive\u2013communication needs had been fully met and high levels of unmet need remained evident at three years or more post\u2010injury. Written information, communication partner training and counselling were identified as key supports.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Families report high levels of unmet need for managing cognitive\u2010communication difficulties following TBI. Access to written information and communication partner training should be available to families at various time points following TBI and not just in the early stages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"box\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:sec>\n                          <jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title>\n                          <jats:sec>\n                            <jats:title>What is already known on this subject<\/jats:title>\n                            <jats:p>\n                              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                                <jats:list-item>\n                                  <jats:p>Attempting to support a person who has cognitive\u2010communication difficulties following TBI has been found to be highly burdensome for family members. However, few studies have asked how families perceive their needs in relation to cognitive\u2010communication difficulties or measured how well current services are meeting their needs.<\/jats:p>\n                                <\/jats:list-item>\n                              <\/jats:list>\n                            <\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:sec>\n                          <jats:sec>\n                            <jats:title>What this paper adds to existing knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                            <jats:p>\n                              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                                <jats:list-item>\n                                  <jats:p>This study demonstrates that current speech and language therapy services are not yet meeting the needs of the relatives of individuals with cognitive\u2010communication difficulties following TBI. Important insights into the information, training and support families\u2019 rate as important are identified in addition to how these needs develop over time.<\/jats:p>\n                                <\/jats:list-item>\n                              <\/jats:list>\n                            <\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:sec>\n                          <jats:sec>\n                            <jats:title>What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?<\/jats:title>\n                            <jats:p>\n                              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                                <jats:list-item>\n                                  <jats:p>Speech and language therapy service design requires to reflect the ongoing nature of familial needs for cognitive\u2010communication difficulties following TBI. Families require access to appropriate literature, speech and language therapy support, and communication partner training in the longer term, not just in the acute phase.<\/jats:p>\n                                <\/jats:list-item>\n                              <\/jats:list>\n                            <\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:sec>\n                        <\/jats:sec>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T01:49:54Z","timestamp":1593740994000},"page":"712-723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A survey of cognitive\u2013communication difficulties following TBI: are families receiving the training and support they need?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5677-5732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynn","family":"Grayson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NMAHP Research Unit Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Community Brain Injury Team NHS Lanarkshire  Carluke UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4589-7021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marian C.","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMAHP Research Unit Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4518-6748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leanne","family":"Togher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Sydney Sydney, NSW  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5899-2485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myzoon","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMAHP Research Unit Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050210128906"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2010.490516"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-970570"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative & Mixed Methods Approaches","author":"Creswell J. 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