{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T06:52:20Z","timestamp":1759042340429,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Speech and language therapists (SLTs) working with dysphagia have had to radically alter diagnostic and rehabilitation services during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) pandemic, hereafter referred to as coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019). Given the aerosol\u2010generating procedures inherent in swallow assessment and interventions, these SLTs have also been particularly susceptible to virus exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the psychological impact of COVID\u201019 on SLTs working with adult dysphagia across the Republic of Ireland and to identify the personal and professional factors associated with depression, anxiety, stress and post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To explore SLT perspectives regarding their experiences during the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods &amp; Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional 34\u2010item online survey was developed and piloted. The survey collected demographic details and professional factors and it incorporated the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale\u201421 (DASS\u201021) and the Impact of Event Scale\u2014Revised (IES\u2010R). The survey also sought SLT perspectives regarding their experiences during the pandemic. It was distributed to Irish SLT managers, the Irish Association of Speech and Language Therapists (IASLT) and the Irish Dysphagia Special Interest Group (SIG) for dissemination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes &amp; Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 94 SLTs working with adults with dysphagia across Ireland responded. In total, 60% of respondents screened positive for depression, anxiety, stress and\/or PTSD. Based on the DASS\u201021, 38% screened positive for depression (mean score = 8.0; SD = 6.3), 36% screened positive for anxiety (mean score = 6.5; SD = 6.0), and 49% screened positive for stress (mean score = 15.4; SD = 6.9). A total of 26% of respondents screened positive for PTSD (mean IES\u2010R total score = 22.6; SD = 16.0). Factors associated with depression, anxiety, stress and PTSD were young age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002), limited clinical experience (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) and not living with children (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). A thematic analysis of SLT perspectives identified four main themes: \u2018fear of COVID\u201019 infection and transmission\u2019, \u2018uncertainty regarding policies and procedures\u2019, \u2018changes in SLT roles and responsibilities\u2019 and \u2018increased workload\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study highlights the psychological impact of COVID\u201019 on SLTs working with adults with dysphagia in Ireland and identifies SLTs who are at risk of depression, anxiety, stress and PTSD during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Findings may assist employers to identify staff who require psychological support and long\u2010term follow\u2010up during this pandemic and any future health emergencies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>What is already known on the subject<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Depression, anxiety, stress and PTSD are prevalent among nurses and other healthcare professionals internationally as a result of the COVID\u201019 pandemic and associated factors have been identified in previous research. Despite this, no research has been conducted to establish the psychological impact of the first surge of COVID\u201019 on SLTs working with dysphagia in relation to depression, anxiety, stress and PTSD and the associated factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds to existing knowledge<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>A total of 60% of SLTs working with adults with dysphagia in this survey presented with depression, anxiety, stress and\/or PTSD. Associated personal and professional factors amongst respondents included young age, limited clinical experience and not living with children. The perspectives of SLTs on their experiences during the first surge of COVID\u201019 are also explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The findings from this study may assist SLT managers to identify SLTs who are at a higher risk of depression, anxiety, stress and PTSD to ensure appropriate support can be provided.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T12:56:02Z","timestamp":1627736162000},"page":"1037-1052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Psychological impact of COVID\u201019 on speech and language therapists working with adult dysphagia: A national survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1986-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Rouse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Speech &amp; Language Studies Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5816-4516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Regan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech and Language Pathology Department of Clinical Speech and Language Studies Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","article-title":"How to calculate a survey response rate : best practices","author":"Andrew W.P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Academic medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12544"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1574884713666180807151328"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.3014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113481"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Impact of COVID\u201019 on the speech and language therapy profession and their Patients","author":"Chadd K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.07.010"},{"volume-title":"Mail and Internet surveys : the tailored design method \/Don A. 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