{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T21:12:50Z","timestamp":1777583570491,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["421\u20102012\u2010912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["421\u20102012\u2010912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008590","name":"STROKE-Riksf\u00f6rbundet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intervention studies aimed to improve the written production of single words by persons with aphasia have yielded promising results and there is growing interest in interventions targeting text writing. The development of technical writing aids offers opportunities for persons with aphasia, and studies have shown that using them can have a positive impact on written output.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim was to investigate what impact training to use a computerised spell checker had on text writing in persons with aphasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods &amp; Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study had a multiple\u2010baseline single\u2010case experimental design replicated across six male Swedish participants with mild\u2010to\u2010moderate post\u2010stroke aphasia. The participants received training twice a week during 8\u00a0weeks, learning how to use the spell checker. At baseline and before every session, the participants wrote two texts which were logged in a keystroke\u2010logging tool. Dependent variables were continuously measured in the texts, and the participants performed tests of language function and answered questionnaires on reading and writing habits and health\u2010related quality of life before and after the intervention. The participants were also interviewed about how they had experienced the training. The results were evaluated on individual and group level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study showed that systematic individual training involving a spell checker was experienced as positive by the participants and that they all described their writing ability in more positive terms after the intervention. Evaluation showed statistically significant improvements on group level for the dependent variables of spelling accuracy, rated syntax, writing speed and proportion of unedited text during text writing when using the spell checker. The intervention also had a generalising effect on writing speed and editing during text writing without the spell checker and on spelling accuracy in a dictation test. The participants who had the greatest spelling problems were the ones who showed the most progress, but participants with only minor writing difficulties at baseline also improved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study shows that a digital spelling aid constitutes effective support for people with aphasia and may also affect levels other than spelling. The training had a generalising positive effect on text writing and spelling in a test. Although writing difficulties is a persisting symptom in aphasia, it can be supported and improved through use of digital spelling aids. Hence, treatment of writing ability should always be included in the rehabilitation of people with aphasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>What is already known on this subject<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of a technical writing aid can have a positive impact on the written output of persons with aphasia. Using a digital spell checker may improve spelling as well as other levels of writing, but it has not been investigated using a keystroke\u2010logging tool in combination with language\u2010test scores and results from questionnaires.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds to existing knowledge<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through analyses on both individual and group level, this study shows that a digital spelling aid constitutes effective support for people with aphasia and also affects levels other than spelling. The training had a generalising positive effect on text writing and spelling in a test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?<\/jats:title><jats:p>Digital spelling support, which is a relatively simple and inexpensive technology, can support and improve text writing in persons with post\u2010stroke aphasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T13:24:13Z","timestamp":1643462653000},"page":"303-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Using a digital spelling aid to improve writing in persons with post\u2010stroke aphasia: An intervention study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7929-6777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Johansson\u2010Malmeling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech and Language Pathology Unit Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5994-9657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malin","family":"Antonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech and Language Pathology Unit Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6913-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Wengelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Swedish University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7573-2148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Henriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech and Language Pathology Unit Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12373"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026870300401315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/D4AM-XY9Y-QDFT-YUR0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030701800826"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2009\/08-0229)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2016.1199387"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699200701699603"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030802436892"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.94.2.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1368282021000048258"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2015.1041095","article-title":"Using voice recognition software to improve communicative writing and social participation in an individual with severe acquired dysgraphia: an experimental single\u2010case therapy study","volume":"30","author":"Caute A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0741088301018001004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/VUPX-WDX7-J1EU-00TB"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2010.493294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"European Union's High Level Group of Experts on Literacy. (2012)Final report of the EU high level group of experts on literacy. Available at:http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/education\/policy\/school\/doc\/literacy\u2010report_en.pdf[Accessed 18th September 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/356600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0267190515000082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Writing development and instruction in children with hearing, speech, and language disorders","author":"Hayes J.R.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000081987.46660.ED"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","volume-title":"LS\u2122 \u2013 Reviderad \u2212 Klassdiagnoser i l\u00e4sning och skrivning f\u00f6r h\u00f6gstadiet och gymnasiet. Handledning","author":"Johansson M.G.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","volume-title":"Changes in writing processes caused by post\u2010stroke aphasia or low\u2010grade glioma","author":"Johansson\u2010Malmeling C.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2020.1712585"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","volume-title":"The Boston naming test","author":"Kaplan E.F.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","volume-title":"Western aphasia battery","author":"Kertesz A.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","volume-title":"A\u2010ning, Neurolingvistisk afasiunders\u00f6kning, Manual","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m E.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050050191959"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0911-6044(98)00023-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026870300401333"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030544000245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17239\/jowr-2014.06.02.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17239\/jowr-2020.12.01.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2010.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","volume-title":"Neurosensory center comprehensive examination for Aphasia Victoria","author":"Spreen O.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","volume-title":"Everyday life activities photo series manual set 1","author":"Stark J.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2008.00653.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2014.965059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12261"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.03.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004392526_003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203493502-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","volume-title":"Text Production in Adults with Reading and Writing Difficulties","author":"Wengelin \u00c5.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","volume-title":"Second Language Development in Writing: Measures of Fluency, Accuracy, & Complexity","author":"Wolfe\u2010Quintero K.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3585720"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brln.1996.0006"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Language &amp; Communication Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12696","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12696","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12696","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T19:47:36Z","timestamp":1692992856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1460-6984.12696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12696","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-2822","1460-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-2822","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}