{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T02:31:37Z","timestamp":1773455497701,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the 7th Electropalatography Symposium in Japan, held online on the 24 January 2021, a few speakers were invited to talk about how the COVID\u201019 pandemic had impacted their research and\/or speech therapy that involved the use of electropalatography (EPG) as well as the procedures adopted in order to continue their work in a safe manner. The information on protective measures when using instrumental techniques in speech research and therapy may be useful for colleagues in research and the clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary aims are: (1) to find out whether there are any published recommendations regarding protective measures for using EPG in research and clinic settings; (2) to discuss the impact of the pandemic and the corresponding restrictions and general protective measures directed (or advised) by local government and professional bodies at each stage of EPG work; and (3) to share experiences in using modified procedures for face\u2010to\u2010face EPG therapy sessions and combined EPG teletherapy. In addition, a brief overview of EPG and a summary of EPG research and clinical activities in Japan presented by one of the symposium organizers at the symposium are included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods &amp; Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>A review of the literature regarding protective measures recommended for using EPG for speech assessment and treatment or research, supplemented by a discussion of our own experiences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Contribution<\/jats:title><jats:p>The literature review showed that there are no guidelines regarding protective measures for using EPG, but there is some advice regarding speech recording using microphones. Most published articles related to speech and language therapy (SLT) service during COVID\u201019 are about telepractice or general clinical guidelines for face\u2010to\u2010face speech therapy sessions. The protective measures for using EPG developed based on the general guidelines recommended by local government and professional bodies (e.g., using visors, transparent acrylic board) were described. Using EPG in telepractice was discussed as well.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been challenging to continue EPG research and therapy during the pandemic. In order to deal with this crisis, available knowledge regarding infection control and recommendations from local government and professional bodies were applied to design methods and procedures that allowed EPG research and therapy to continue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>What is already known on the subject<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>There are general protective measures recommended by local government and professional bodies regarding speech therapy sessions (e.g., using personal protective equipment (PPE), social distancing), but little is known about the measures for using instrumental techniques in speech research and therapy, particularly EPG. The equipment of each instrumental technique is different, so measures that are appropriate for one may not be suitable for others. Hence, specific recommendations are needed for EPG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds to existing knowledge<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This paper provides pointers to information about recommendations regarding protective measures for speech research and therapy, supplemented with suggestions specific to EPG provided by experienced users based on actual experience.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In evaluating the impact of the COVID\u201019 pandemic on EPG research and therapy, an analytical approach was taken to break down the steps involved in carrying out those activities, and the challenges we faced and the possible alternatives for completing the tasks were discussed. A similar approach can be applied to evaluate other aspects of speech therapy service.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T03:34:03Z","timestamp":1647833643000},"page":"906-917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Electropalatography (EPG) activities in Japan and the impact of the COVID\u201019 pandemic on EPG research and therapy: A report of presentations at the 7th EPG Symposium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences University College Cork  Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Therapy Osaka Health Science University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Liker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Phonetics University of Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPG Research Centre Yamamoto Dental Clinic  Nishinomiya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Takei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Showa University  Shinagawa\u2010ku Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Gibbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences University College Cork  Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2012156117"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association (ASHA). (n.d.)Research articles related to speech\u2013language pathology services in health care during COVID\u201019.https:\/\/www.asha.org\/slp\/healthcare\/research\u2010articles\u2010related\u2010to\u2010slp\u2010services\u2010in\u2010health\u2010care\u2010during\u2010covid\u201019\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Articulate Instruments. (2013)A history of EPG.http:\/\/www.articulateinstruments.com\/a\u2010history\u2010of\u2010epg\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2020.1749229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201038808\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227699"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2020.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020)About COVID\u201019.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010ncov\/cdcresponse\/about\u2010COVID\u201019.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0002279"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_AJSLP\u201020\u201000228"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2021)SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 variants of concern as of 11 May 2021.https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/covid\u201019\/variants\u2010concern"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14417040601120904"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"Fujiwara Y.&Yamamoto I.(2017)Who benefited from visual feedback therapy using electropalatography?The 13th International Congress of Cleft Lip and Palate and Related Craniofacial Anomalies 8\u201311 February Tamil Nadu India."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5112\/jjlp.49.101"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"A review of electropalatographic studies written in Japanese","volume":"31","author":"Fujiwara Y.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Japanese Cleft Palate Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5112\/jjlp.51.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5112\/jjlp.61.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699200410001663362"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"Gibbon F.E.(2013)Bibliography of electropalatographic (EPG) studies in English. (1957\u20132013).Articulate Instruments.http:\/\/www.articulateinstruments.com\/EPGrefs.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13682829809179393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100035\u20101562910"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405\u2010020\u201006200\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215120001437"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han J. Qian K. Song M. Yang Z. Ren Z. Liu S. et\u00a0al. (2020)An early study on intelligent analysis of speech under COVID\u201019: severity sleep quality fatigue and anxiety. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2020) (pp.4946\u20134950).International Speech Communication Association.http:\/\/www.interspeech2020.org\/","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2020-2223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13682829109011992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699208908985268"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","unstructured":"Interorganizational Group for Speech\u2013Language Pathology and Audiology. (2010)Infection prevention and control guidelines for speech\u2013language pathology.https:\/\/www.sac\u2010oac.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/Infection_Prevention_control_Guidelines_SLP.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","unstructured":"Japanese Association of Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Therapists (2020a)Shingata koronauirusu kansenshou ni kakaru rinshou gyoumu ni okeru kihonteki taiou jikou [Basic measures against the infection of COVID\u201019 in clinical work].https:\/\/www.japanslht.or.jp\/article\/article_1213.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","unstructured":"Japanese Association of Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Therapists. (2020b)[Final report released: Emergency survey on impact of COVID\u201019].https:\/\/www.japanslht.or.jp\/article\/article_1533.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779\u2010020\u20100233\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Some aspects of Japanese consonant articulation: a preliminary EPG study","volume":"2","author":"Kawahara S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"ICU Working Papers in Linguistics (ICUWPL)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12530"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","first-page":"679","volume-title":"The SAGE encyclopedia of human communication sciences and disorders","author":"Lee A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429320903-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699206.2021.1913514"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14417040601001997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699206.2022.2080588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","unstructured":"Liker M. Vidovi\u0107 Zori\u0107 A. Zharkova N.&Gibbon F.(2019)Ultrasound analysis of postalveolar and palatal affricates in Croatian: a case of neutralisation. In (S. Calhoun P. Escudero M. Tabain & P. Warren Eds.) Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences Melbourne Australia 2019 (3666\u20133670). (Australasian Speech Science and Technology Association Inc.).https:\/\/assta.org\/proceedings\/ICPhS2019\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"On the input information of the C\/D model for vowel devoicing in Japanese","volume":"21","author":"Matsui M.F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058\u20100360(2006\/018)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"[A quantitative evaluation of co\u2010articulatory effect of vowel environment on the consonant \/s\/, \/t\/, \/k\/]","volume":"12","author":"Nakamura T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_AJSLP\u201020\u201000096"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","unstructured":"National Health Library and Knowledge Service. (2020)Summary of evidence COVID\u201019(version 1.0).https:\/\/hselibrary.ie\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Evidence\u2010Summary\u2010COVID\u201019\u2010Masks\u2010vs\u2010Visors.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2020.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"[The effect of the speech rates of the short sentences on the tongue\u2013palate contact patterns\u2014on the articulatory movements of the alveolar consonants]","volume":"4","author":"Okumura S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bulletin of Osaka Health Science University"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","unstructured":"Patrick K.(2021) My EPG activity. [conference session]. The 7th EPG Symposium Japan (online).https:\/\/epg\u2010research.sakura.ne.jp\/symposium\/the\u20107th\u2010epg\u2010symposium\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Research methods in clinical linguistics and phonetics: A practical guide","author":"Powel T.W.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJEMB.2020.2998051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. (2021)Advice to RCSLT members on reducing the transmission of COVID\u201019.https:\/\/www.rcslt.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Advice\u2010to\u2010RCSLT\u2010members\u2010on\u2010reducing\u2010the\u2010transmission\u2010of\u2010COVID\u201002072021.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","unstructured":"Speech Pathology Australia. (2020)Infection prevention and control: Guideline for speech pathologists.https:\/\/www.speechpathologyaustralia.org.au\/SPAweb\/About_us\/COVID\u201019_News_and_Information\/COVID\u201019_\u2010_Infection_Prevention_Guideline\/SPAweb\/About_Us\/COVID\u201019\/Infection_Prevention_Guideline.aspx?hkey=96210c5f\u20108390\u20104ba2\u20108bb5\u2010e4c5483aab54"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","unstructured":"The Irish Association of Speech & Language Therapists. (2021)IASLT COVID\u201019: Updated guidance for IASLT members (5th update).https:\/\/www.iaslt.ie\/documents\/public\u2010information\/COVID%2019%20IASLT%20Guidelines\/IASLT%20COVID%20GuidelinesFinal%20March%202021.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5112\/jjlp.57.382"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Articulation characteristics of a severely hearing\u2010impaired speaker and trial therapy using electropalatography","volume":"10","author":"Uchiyama M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","unstructured":"vanden Heuvel H. Kelli A. Klessa K.&Salaasti S.(2020)Corpora of disordered speech in the light of the GDPR: two use cases from the DELAD initiative. In (N. Calzolari F. B\u00e9chet P. Blache K. Choukri C. Cieri T. Declerck S. Goggi H. Isahara B. Maegaard J. Mariani H. Mazo A. Moreno J. Odijk & S. Piperidis Eds.) Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020) pp.3317\u20133321.ELRA.http:\/\/www.lrec\u2010conf.org\/proceedings\/lrec2020\/pdf\/2020.lrec\u20101.406.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2020a)Coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019).https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel\u2010coronavirus\u20102019\/question\u2010and\u2010answers\u2010hub\/q\u2010a\u2010detail\/coronavirus\u2010disease\u2010covid\u201019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2020b)Coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019) advice for the public.https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel\u2010coronavirus\u20102019\/advice\u2010for\u2010public"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14417040601123676"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17549507.2019.1593505"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11224\/cleftpalate1976.31.3_274"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Language &amp; Communication Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12720","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12720","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12720","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T06:02:24Z","timestamp":1697090544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12720"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1460-6984.12720"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12720","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-2822","1460-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-2822","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}