{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:25:54Z","timestamp":1792113954606,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, posterior cortical atrophy and young onset Alzheimer's disease may experience language and communication difficulties. However, the role of speech and language interventions for people with these non\u2010language led dementias has received little attention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to explore the experiences and perspectives of people living with these conditions, and their families, regarding their language and communication difficulties and how speech and language therapy could address these needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employed a qualitative design to explore the experiences of people living with or caring for somebody with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, posterior cortical atrophy or young onset Alzheimer's disease, and to understand their opinions about speech and language therapy. Participants were recruited from a support service connected to a dementia clinic to attend one of five focus group meetings. Videorecorded focus groups and interviews were transcribed, and reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse data from people affected by each type of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 25 participants were recruited to the study, with representation across the different forms of non\u2010language led dementias. The four main themes identified were: (1) communication difficulties as a key difficulty, (2) loss and loneliness, (3) speech and language therapy, and (4) the role of the caregiver. Sixteen subthemes were also identified which highlighted individual issues across disease types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although all the forms of dementia studied here are not considered to be language\u2010led, people with these conditions and\/or their care partners identified speech, language and communication as common challenges. These communication difficulties were reported to have a negative impact on their social participation and mental health and participants felt speech and language interventions could help. There is a need for research exploring speech and language interventions developed for and with people with non\u2010language led dementias and their care partners, to ensure they meet the needs of the people they are designed for.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>What is already known on the subject<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>People with primary progressive aphasia present with speech, language and communication difficulties, and several speech and language interventions have been developed to meet the needs of this population. However, people with non\u2010language led dementias may also experience speech, language and communication difficulties, and little is known about interventions that may address these difficulties.<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <\/jats:list>\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>What this paper adds to existing knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>People living with or caring for somebody with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, posterior cortical atrophy and young onset Alzheimer's disease report experiencing speech, language and communication difficulties that impact on the person with dementia's social participation and mood. Participants in this study also shared their opinions about how speech and language interventions could help, from the earliest stages of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <\/jats:list>\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>Speech and language therapists need to address the individual speech, language and communication needs of people with dementias, even those that are not thought to be language\u2010led. Current speech and language therapy service provision does not meet the needs of people with non\u2010language led dementias and further research is required to develop interventions and services to meet these needs.<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <\/jats:list>\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.13018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T09:54:40Z","timestamp":1707386080000},"page":"1553-1577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["\u2018Communication is difficult\u2019: Speech, language and communication needs of people with young onset or rarer forms of non\u2010language led dementia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4149-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Volkmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology and Language Sciences University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology and Language Sciences University College London  London UK"},{"name":"King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lily","family":"Highton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology and Language Sciences University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Whittington Health NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology and Language Sciences University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Guys and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology and Language Sciences University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Guys and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Brotherhood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma V.","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cath","family":"Mummery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rohrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rimona","family":"Weil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keir","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Crutch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris J. 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