{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:30:59Z","timestamp":1791081059651,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) has been used in the treatment of stuttering, providing different results across different populations and age groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examines the impact of delayed auditory feedback (DAF) on stuttering\u2010like disfluencies (SLDs) in the spontaneous speech of Jordanian individuals who stutter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods &amp; Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional experimental design was employed to analyse the effects of DAF on the conversational speech of 35 participants (9 females, 26 males) with persistent developmental stuttering, aged 5\u201329 years (M = 13.1, SD = 6.1). The Stuttering Severity Instrument was used to assess the severity of stuttering. Participants who met the inclusion criteria were asked to talk about general topics of their interests during two different listening conditions (with DAF and without DAF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes &amp; Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant DAF effects were found on SLDs in terms of duration [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.18] (blocks, prolongations) and repetition [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.22] (sound repetition, syllable repetition, word repetition). Neither severity nor age affected the use of DAF on SLDs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study concludes that DAF did not result in a significant decrease in SLDs in the spontaneous speech of participants. These findings highlight the limited effect of DAF in reducing stuttering in this specific population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>What is already known on the subject<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) has been shown to reduce stuttering frequency by between 60% and 80%. Furthermore, DAF mediates an immediate improvement in the fluency of speech without affecting speech naturalness (Ritto, Juste, and Andrade, 2015). Van Borsel et\u00a0al. (2003) concluded that DAF offers an effective tool to reduce stuttering when it is applied as the only treatment outside a clinical environment. They also found that fluency is enhanced when DAF is consistently used over a longer period of time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds to existing knowledge<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This study uses only spontaneous monologue because it was indicated in some previous Arabic studies that the tendency to produce more stuttering in Arabic during oral reading compared to conversational speech may be influenced by a unique, language\u2010specific feature of stuttering in Arabic which is diglossia. (Alshatti, et\u00a0al., 2022). This means that the coexistence of two varieties of the same language (Modern Standard Arabic versus Dialectical Arabic) could potentially affect the stuttering severity depending on the type of speech sample collected. To remove the impact of the type of speech sample, reading was excluded from the purpose of the current study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Nonetheless, the findings of the current study, along with the individual variability of sample sizes in previous studies, support a cautious approach to the use of DAF as a therapeutic intervention for stuttering. In the study of Buzzeti &amp; Oliveira, 2018, the effects were limited to word repetitions. In another study by Stuart et\u00a0al. (2008), no reduction was found in any of the three measured core behaviours of stuttering (sound prolongations, sound repetitions, and inaudible blocks) during an oral reading task while using the frequency\u2010altered feedback which is similar to DAF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.70007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T20:58:11Z","timestamp":1740085091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of delayed auditory feedback on stuttering\u2010like disfluencies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8785-1112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mazin","family":"Alqhazo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Jordan University of Science and Technology  Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaidan","family":"Alkhamaiseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699200903420316"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Al\u2010Qenaie S.D.(2011)Kuwaiti Arabic: A socio\u2010phonological perspective.Doctoral dissertation Durham University.http:\/\/etheses.dur.ac.uk\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699206.2021.1928289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699206.2013.823242"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4204.895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"296","volume-title":"Stuttering: proceedings from the First World Congress on fluency disorders","author":"Armson J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2008.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2006.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"353","article-title":"Direct observation and self\u2010monitoring","volume":"2","author":"Baird S.","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Scientist Practitioner: Research and Accountability in the Age of Managed Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-0216201820319417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041830"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.01.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4906266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language","author":"Crystal D.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(73)90097-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2015.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2013\/12-0134)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.386580"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"Fahl H.&Mohammed S.(2011)Bridging the linguistic gap: toward a unified Arabic language. 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