{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:20:36Z","timestamp":1753878036525,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20.492,31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20.492,31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Few previous randomized trials investigated whether additional therapies could improve the efficacy of the standard combined\u2010approach (stuttering modification and fluency shaping) treatment in adults who stutter (AWS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate in a randomized controlled clinical trial whether the addition of a psychomotor therapy over a standard combined\u2010approach treatment could improve the efficacy of treatment in young AWS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods &amp; Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 47 young AWS (mean age = 24 years, 79% males) with at least moderate stuttering (evaluated by the stuttering severity instrument\u20143, SSI\u20103 \u2265 21 points) were randomized to either a standard combined\u2010approach treatment (24 AWS, control group, 16 sessions of 40 min over 8 weeks) or to standard treatment plus the psychomotor therapy (23 AWS, intervention group, adding 20 min of psychomotor training after each session). Stuttering improvement was assessed by reductions in SSI\u20103 scores, examined using Wilcoxon tests. The primary outcome was the difference in SSI\u20103 reductions between the control and intervention groups, evaluated by Mann\u2013Whitney tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes &amp; Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Control and psychomotor intervention groups were well\u2010balanced in most baseline characteristics, including stuttering severity (mean SSI\u20103 score = 32.6 points). After treatment both groups significantly reduced SSI\u20103 (mean absolute reduction = 10.1 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 8.5\u201311.7 points, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), without any significant difference between the two groups (mean difference = 1.0 point, 95% CI = \u22122.2 to \u22124.2 points, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.39). Also, there were no significant differences between the groups in relative percentage reductions, or in the proportion of individuals who reached a &gt; 30% reduction or a post\u2010treatment SSI\u20103 &lt; 20 points. There were also no significant differences in separate SSI\u20103 components (frequency and duration of stuttering events and physical concomitants).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>This randomized controlled trial did not demonstrate any benefit of adding a psychomotor therapy over a standard combined\u2010approach treatment in young AWS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>ReBEC, identifier number RBR\u20106YY755.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>What is already known on the subject<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Two types of strategies to treat stuttering have been most widely used: stuttering management and fluency shaping. Although there is no consensus in the literature about the best strategy to treat stuttering, in general, comprehensive (combined) approaches seem to provide the best results. Furthermore, the development of psychomotor factors can help the individual to perform more efficient linguistic operations, thus favouring the development of its own communication and potentially improving stuttering.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>What this paper adds to the existing knowledge<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This randomized controlled trial did not demonstrate any benefit of adding a psychomotor therapy over a standard combined\u2010approach treatment in young AWS. In addition to these results, this paper reinforces that the traditional speech\u2013language treatment is highly effective in improving stuttering severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>A psychomotor therapy did not improve the efficacy of the traditional combined\u2010approach stuttering treatment in AWS, and it shall not be used. Otherwise, it reinforces the efficacy of the standard speech\u2013language treatment even in AWS with a long\u2010standing history of stuttering, which supports the effective approaches in clinical practice of speech\u2013language pathologists worldwide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.70038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T10:48:56Z","timestamp":1744368536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Benefits of Adding a Psychomotor Therapy Over a Combined\u2010Approach Treatment in Adults who Stutter: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5723-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Farias\u2010Jr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech\u2013Language Disorders, School of Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia R. 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