{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T18:55:22Z","timestamp":1770231322990,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research Capacity and Culture (RCC) is important for research engagement. Little is known of what speech and language therapy staff perceives to be the barriers or enablers to this at individual, team and organisational levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify the barriers and enablers to RCC among speech and language therapy staff, using behaviour change theory as a framework, and to explore their self\u2010reported level of research engagement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants completed an online survey through purposive sampling. The survey and results were analysed following the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Capability, Opportunity and Motivation (COM\u2010B) model, informed by the RCC Tool. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Percentage responses for \u2018Yes\u2019, \u2018No\u2019 and \u2018Don't Know\u2019 were categorised as barriers, enablers and don't know. Total percentage scores were classified as weak (0%\u201333.33%), moderate (33.34%\u201366.66%) or strong (66.67%\u2013100%). Free text responses were analysed using NVivo (v12.0) and a structured categorisation matrix of barrier and enabler. Labelled emotions were the unit of analysis. Finally, participants selected a category reflecting their level of research engagement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty\u2010seven (response rate 73.08%) speech and language therapy staff members from an NHS Trust participated. Barriers and enablers were represented across eight domains of the TDF. At the individual level, knowledge and skill for activities linked to research\u2010related professional standards from the HCPC were strong or moderate enablers, except one. More advanced research activities were rated as strong or moderate level barriers. For motivation, participants' beliefs about the benefit to clinical practice and desire to engage in more research activity (91.23% and 71.93%) were strong enablers. At the team and organisational level, time was a moderate strength barrier. Overall, there was poor knowledge of the availability of support and supervision. For environmental context and resources, library access was a strong enabler (98.25%); all other factors were weak enablers. For the level of research engagement, 52.63% were \u2018Research Conscious\u2019, 24.56% \u2018Research Participative\u2019, 21.05% \u2018Research Active\u2019 and 1.75% unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Barriers and enablers to RCC were identified at all levels of study. Participants demonstrated motivation to engage in research and beliefs in its positive impact on practice. Barriers included a lack of knowledge and skills for more advanced research activities, time, resources, funding and information about the support or opportunities available. Findings provide insight into RCC for speech and language therapy as a profession.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>What is already known on this subject<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The Research Capacity and Culture (RCC) of Allied Health Professionals within the United Kingdom has previously been explored using the RCC Tool. However, no study to date has focussed specifically on the perspective of Speech and Language Therapists (SLTs) and Speech and Language Therapy Assistants (SLTAs) as a distinct professional group. The COM\u2010B Model and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) have been widely applied in evidence\u2010based healthcare but have not yet been used to examine RCC.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                      <jats:italic>What this paper adds to existing knowledge<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>This study provides novel insight into the perspectives of speech and language therapy staff working in a UK mental health and disability trust regarding their RCC. By applying a behaviour change lens (COM\u2010B and TDF), the study identifies specific strategies to overcome barriers and enhance enablers to research engagement.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                      <jats:italic>What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>This study highlights the value of using behaviour change theory and frameworks to explore and analyse RCC. While findings are context\u2010specific, they contribute to a broader understanding of RCC within the speech and language therapy profession and may inform targeted approaches to strengthen research engagement across similar settings.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T10:39:06Z","timestamp":1757500746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation\u2010Behaviour Model and Theoretical Domains Framework to Understand Barriers and Enablers of Research Capacity and Culture for Speech and Language Therapy Staff"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7069-1381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie Dooley","family":"Cawley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research, UK"},{"name":"Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7470-2166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Stringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S142009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-017-0605-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"New Principles of Best Practice in Clinical Audit","author":"Burgess R.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Burr S.2020. \u201cUnderstanding Allied Health Professional (AHP) Clinical Academic (CA) Roles.\u201d InSolent NHS Trust Research & Improvement Conference.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.15216.89608\/1."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-7-37"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08465-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-172X.2007.00637.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-6-44"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-018-0363-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07480-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Department of International Development.2010. \u201cCapacity Building in Research. How to Note.\u201d A DFID Practice Paper. Microsoft Word\u2014HTN Capacity Building Final 21 06 10.doc. publishing.service.gov.uk."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608241250207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1757177410384300"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.012809.103604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-276"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"Health Care Professions Council.2024. \u201cThe Standards of Proficiency for Speech and Language Therapists.\u201d Speech and Language Therapists | (hcpc\u2010uk.org)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"Health Education England.2022. \u201cAllied Health Professions' Research and Innovation Strategy for England.\u201d HEE Allied Health Professions Research and Innovation Strategy."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"Health Research Authority.2021. \u201cUK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research.\u201dHealth Research Authority.https:\/\/www.hra.nhs.uk."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/PY10081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.13118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-6-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S222987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S23144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14264"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"1003","volume-title":"A Guide to Designing Interventions","author":"Michie S.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06354-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","unstructured":"NHS England.2019. \u201cThe NHS Long Term Plan.\u201dNHS England."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S27638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Speech and Language Therapy.2022a. \u201cResearch Practitioner Framework Resource Map.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.rcslt.org\/members\/research\/careers\/slt\u2010research\u2010practitioner\u2010framework\u2010resource\u2010map\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Speech and Language Therapy.2022b. \u201cThe RCSLT Strategic Vision: 2022\u20132027.\u201d RCSLT\u2010Strategic\u2010Vision\u20102022\u20102027.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-06737-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000187860.11221.8c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1606-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-036183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987117748348"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-287"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Language &amp; Communication Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1460-6984.70116","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1460-6984.70116","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1460-6984.70116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T22:14:06Z","timestamp":1769724846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1460-6984.70116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1460-6984.70116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1460-6984.70116","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-2822","1460-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-2822","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70116"}}