{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T21:58:40Z","timestamp":1781128720064,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post\u2010stroke facial palsy significantly impacts patients' communication, eating and overall quality of life. Despite its prevalence, standardised management guidelines are lacking and evidence for assessment and treatment approaches remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe UK clinical practice for assessing and treating post\u2010stroke facial palsy and which healthcare professionals play a role.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional online survey was conducted using Qualtrics to collect data on participants' professional lives, assessment and treatment practices. UK healthcare professionals in stroke or facial palsy care were recruited through social media, conferences and professional networks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety\u2010six out of 150 professionals completed the survey, mainly speech and language therapists (40%) and physiotherapists (43%), including 17 others (occupational therapists, nurses, doctors and orthoptists). Speech and language therapists and physiotherapists were the most likely professions involved in the collaborative management of post\u2010stroke facial palsy. The most common assessment was clinical observation (84%). Some assessments were more favoured by certain professions, for example, 71% of nurses and doctors used the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; speech and language therapists and physiotherapists used the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System and clinical observational methods more than the \u2018Other group\u2019. The most commonly used treatments were orofacial exercises (60%) and facial massage (52%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study describes current UK practice for managing post\u2010stroke facial palsy and underscores the critical roles of speech and language therapists and physiotherapists. Now that we know what is used and by whom, we should explore the evidence underpinning this practice to guide assessment and treatment and improve outcomes for stroke survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>What is already known on this subject<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Post\u2010stroke facial palsy affects 45%\u201360% of acute stroke patients, significantly impacting physical appearance, communication and quality of life. There are currently no clinical guidelines for managing post\u2010stroke facial palsy, and it is notably absent from national stroke guidelines. Previous international research indicates uncertainty about which professionals should lead facial palsy management after stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>What this paper adds to existing knowledge<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>This is the first UK\u2010specific survey examining how post\u2010stroke facial palsy is managed across multiple healthcare professions. Speech and language therapists and physiotherapists are identified as the primary providers of post\u2010stroke facial palsy care in the UK. The study reveals significant variations in assessment methods, with most clinicians relying on informal observational approaches rather than standardised tools. Common barriers to implementation include a lack of resources, confidence and clear clinical guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The findings highlight a need for standardised assessment tools and evidence\u2010based treatment guidelines for post\u2010stroke facial palsy. Healthcare professionals require specific training in facial palsy assessment and management. Future service development should focus on clarifying professional roles and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration in facial palsy care.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.70127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T11:31:19Z","timestamp":1758022279000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Managing Facial Palsy After Stroke: Results From an Online Survey of Health Professionals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5032-460X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Havva Sumeyye","family":"Eroglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Northern Care Alliance &amp; University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4075-1215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Northern Care Alliance &amp; University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5330-8242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Checketts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology &amp; Neuroscience University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2445-8468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Northern Care Alliance &amp; University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.2012843"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001447"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.7.864"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-171031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S125574"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4040\/jkan.2016.46.4.542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S68764"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-922102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Emos M. 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