{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T22:29:28Z","timestamp":1788474568658,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Parents are uniquely placed to support their child's development. Interventions which are designed to be delivered by parents therefore hold considerable promise, particularly for children with neurodevelopmental conditions that are associated with particular developmental strengths and challenges.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n This study worked in partnership with families from the Down syndrome community to adapt an evidence\u2010based early language intervention for children with Down syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Procedures<\/jats:title>\n Six families with a 3\u2010 to 5\u2010year\u2010old child with Down syndrome participated in this mixed\u2010methods exploratory study. Guided by aspects of Community\u2010Based Participatory Research and Design\u2010Based Research, iterative cycles of design, implementation, analysis, and re\u2010design were implemented to produce an adapted intervention programme. Data were collected using record forms, surveys, observations, and focus groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Outcomes and Results<\/jats:title>\n Findings showed many aspects of the original programme were acceptable and feasible for families, but important adaptations were identified, including enhancing repetition and consolidation, reducing time pressures, tailoring to individual needs, smaller steps for learning, supporting engagement, and increasing visual support. Adapting the programme in these ways enhanced adherence, enjoyment and the child's active engagement.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title>\n This study is the first to report the process of adapting an existing language intervention for people with disabilities and highlights the value of working with families to identify the best ways to support their needs. Our approach shows promise for supporting language development in this population and serves as a foundation for future research that aims to develop novel interventions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS<\/jats:title>\n \n What is already known on the subject<\/jats:italic>\n \n \n Speech and language difficulties are well\u2010documented in individuals with Down syndrome, and may benefit from intervention to enable individuals to reach their full potential. Parent\u2010delivered models of intervention hold promise for supporting oral language skills, but very few evidence\u2010based interventions exist for this population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n What this paper adds to the existing knowledge<\/jats:italic>\n \n \n Parents of young children with Down syndrome are able to deliver early language intervention in ways which encourage their child's active involvement and enjoyment. Parents identified a range of ways in which early language intervention could be adapted to support implementation and effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n What are the potential or actual clinical implications for this work?<\/jats:italic>\n \n \n Parents are important partners in early language intervention for children with Down syndrome, with much to contribute to the design and delivery of intervention. Findings from this study will guide researchers and clinicians in the process of adapting interventions for this population, with the aim of improving outcomes for children and their families.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.70139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:35:07Z","timestamp":1760243707000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Power of Partnership: Adapting Early Language Intervention for Children With Down Syndrome Through Family\u2010Researcher Collaboration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Kirstie","family":"Hartwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Institute of Education University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Pagnamenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences University of Reading Reading UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6791-9968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vesna","family":"Stojanovik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences University of Reading Reading UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences University of Reading Reading UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8765-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Burgoyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Institute of Education University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Language Development in Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","volume":"50","author":"Abbeduto L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010019\u20100143\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"The Case for Early, Time\u2010Sensitive Speech, Language, and Communication Interventions for Young Children With Down Syndrome or Other Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","volume":"67","author":"Buckley S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12890"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12819"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12279"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-023-01419-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098\u20102779(2000)6:2<84"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S030500091700006X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464\u2010008\u20109165\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3104\/reports.297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12814"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jppi.12405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07434618.2022.2050298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Educating Learners With Down Syndrome","author":"Gilmore L.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2003.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2014.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.170506"},{"issue":"26","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","article-title":"Introduction to Methods in Community\u2010Based Participatory Research for Health","volume":"3","author":"Israel B. 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