{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T11:50:40Z","timestamp":1769773840662,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coughing and throat clearing are different airway protective manoeuvres elicited in the framework of dysphagia. However, coughing and throat clearing may be auditorily confused during a clinical swallowing evaluation. In addition, literature reporting comparisons between coughing and throat clearing via gold standard airflow metrics is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report quantitative airflow data for voluntary throat clearing, and to examine in a healthy population the aerodynamical differences between voluntary throat clearing, voluntary cough and induced reflexive cough.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty healthy participants were included in the study. Airflow measurements were obtained from single voluntary throat clearings, single voluntary coughs and the first two induced reflexive coughs of the reflexive cough epoch. The measurements included the peak expiratory flow rate in litres\/s and the cough expired volume in litres of each single manoeuvre.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results showed that voluntary throat clearing displayed lower airflow feature values compared to voluntary cough and induced reflexive cough (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Voluntary throat clearings were aerodynamically significantly different from voluntary and reflexive coughs. Future studies should determine whether these differences reflect distinct impacts on airway protection. In dysphagic populations, instrumental assessment of throat clearing may enhance clinical swallowing evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>What is already known on this subject<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>A large body of literature has emphasized airflow differences between voluntary coughs and induced reflexive coughs, supporting physiological differences between both types of manoeuvres and complementary roles with regard to airway protection. Throat clearing is another airway protective manoeuvre anecdotally considered during a clinical swallowing evaluation and in literature. In addition, throat clearing is confused with coughing, and little is known regarding its ability to protect the airways.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>What this study adds to existing knowledge<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>This exploratory study is the first to report quantitative airflow metrics for voluntary throat clearings, and to demonstrate significantly lower airflow features for voluntary throat clearing compared to voluntary cough and induced reflexive cough, in a healthy population. The combination of airflow features obtained in this study with anatomical observations and acoustical features increases insight into the physiological differences between throat clearing and coughing.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The study demonstrates that the instrumental assessment of throat clearing as a distinctive airway protective manoeuvre would be of value to enable more accurate clinical swallowing evaluation and management of dysphagic patients. Further investigation and consideration of throat clearing are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.70160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T11:55:06Z","timestamp":1763380506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Airflow Features Obtained From Voluntary Throat Clearing Compared to Voluntary Cough and Induced Reflexive Cough in a Healthy Population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Sofiana","family":"Mootassim\u2010Billah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Speech Therapy Unit, Institut Jules Bordet H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles  Brussels 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