{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T13:24:33Z","timestamp":1774358673382,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002081","name":"Irish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Laureate Award IRCLA\/2022\/3790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Laureate Award IRCLA\/2022\/3790"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Communication Partner Training is widely applied in speech and language therapy practice, premised on the idea that communication support strategies can optimise conversations involving persons with communication disabilities. The pragmatic mechanisms by which these communication support strategies work in the moment of the conversation, remain under\u2010theorised.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a conceptual\u2010methodological framework applying realist evaluation and using relevance theory as the \u2018theory engine\u2019 of the evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper situates communication support strategies as \u2018micro\u2010interventions\u2019, that is, interventions that occur in the complex social reality of conversation and affect the outcome of the unfolding conversation between a person with a communication disability and their communication partner, and the cognitive environment of both interlocutors. The theory\u2010driven approach proposed provides a robust means through which to postulate the mechanisms by which communication support strategies work (that is how and why they work) within and across conversational contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A relevance\u2010driven realist evaluation has the potential to generate explanatory accounts of communication support strategies which are both comparable across clinical populations and, crucially, empirically testable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>What is already known on this subject<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Communication Partner Training (CPT) is widely applied in speech and language therapy practice, premised on the idea that communication support strategies can optimise conversations involving persons with communication disabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                      <jats:italic>What this study adds to existing knowledge<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>This paper situates communication support strategies as \u2018micro\u2010interventions\u2019, and proposes an approach to study how and why these strategies influence pragmatic processing in different contexts. The approach outlined involved realist evaluation and relevance theory.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                      <jats:italic>What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Understanding how and why communication supports strategies influence pragmatic processing opens up the opportunity to identify universal principles across different clinical groups.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.70222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T06:52:19Z","timestamp":1773384739000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigating Communication Support Strategies as \u2018Micro\u2010Interventions\u2019: A Conceptual\u2010Methodological Framework Applying Realist Evaluation and Relevance Theory"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3015-1550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Jagoe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Speech &amp; Language Studies Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Human &amp; Community Development University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirela","family":"Conica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Speech &amp; Language Studies Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Wharton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Brighton School of Humanities and Social Science  Brighton UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Speech &amp; Language Studies Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2018.1464645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20102007\u2010970571"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2012.722258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000580"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"A Realist Theory of Science","author":"Bhaskar R.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460\u20106984.12402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7954-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Explaining Society: Critical Realism in the Social Sciences","author":"Danermark B.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391\u2010021\u201001929\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406920938577"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/hrbopenres.13783.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnad095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilmore B. 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