{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:16:08Z","timestamp":1790162168221,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Speech and voice disorders are frequently observed in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, the literature lacks detailed descriptions of how perceptual and acoustic characteristics manifest in the voice quality profiles of this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the voice quality profile of older adults living with AIDS by describing the relationship between perceptual and acoustic voice measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The research group (RG) comprised 20 individuals with AIDS, aged 50\u201360 years, all presenting with lipodystrophy, metabolic conditions including dyslipidemia, and 2\u20139 years of antiretroviral therapy. The control group (CG) comprised 9 age\u2010matched individuals with metabolic conditions, including dyslipidemia, but without AIDS or antiretroviral therapy. The corpus included semi\u2010spontaneous speech samples and repetitions of three key sentences designed for the perceptual evaluation of voice quality settings (VQS) across the vocal tract, muscular tension, and phonatory domains. For the acoustic analysis, data were processed using a script in the Praat software, which automatically extracted measures of fundamental frequency (f0), intensity, spectral slope, and the long\u2010term average spectrum (LTAS). A preliminary statistical analysis was performed to establish the basis for presenting the results. Among the sociophonetic factors examined, gender emerged as the most influential variable and was included in the multivariate statistical approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results indicated a significant prevalence of vocal tract VQS in the RG, including a retracted and lowered tongue body, pharyngeal constriction, and vocal tract hyperfunction, demonstrating strong discriminative power for classifying RG (98.7%) and CG (98.3%) samples. Acoustic measures showed a lower correlation factor (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      : 36.5%) for distinguishing the RG (77.4%) and CG (77.5%) samples. Regarding the relationship between acoustic measures and perceived voice qualities, f0 (particularly for females), LTAS (especially for males), and spectral slope were found to be relevant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vocal tract and tension VQS, together with correlated spectral measures, were relevant in the RG. These findings may reflect the combined functional consequences of long\u2010term antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic diseases, lipodystrophy, and associated metabolic alterations. The results highlight the need for further studies to support the future development of preventive, monitoring, and rehabilitative speech\u2010language pathology strategies during the long\u2010term follow\u2010up of individuals living with AIDS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>What is already known on this subject<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Research suggests a high prevalence of speech and voice disorders among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, the relationship between perceived and acoustic voice quality in this population remains unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                      <jats:italic>What this study adds to existing knowledge<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Adjustments in vocal tract and tension\u2010related voice quality, along with correlated spectral measures, were found to be significant in RG. These findings may relate to reported effects of lipodystrophy on the vocal tract and upper respiratory infections from opportunistic diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                      <jats:italic>What are the clinical implications of this study?<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The findings of this study may be linked to the effects of lipodystrophy on the vocal tract in AIDS patients, as well as upper airway weakness due to opportunistic diseases. This underscores the need to develop therapeutic strategies for ongoing care in the AIDS population.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.70309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:16:06Z","timestamp":1788347766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Voice Quality in Individuals With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6500-0391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Medina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Speech Studies (GeFALA), Laboratory on Acoustic Analysis and Cognition (LIAAC), Postgraduate Studies Programme in Applied Linguistics and Language Studies Pontifical Catholic University of S\u00e3o Paulo (PUC \u2010 SP) S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7574-2445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Baldi de","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Speech Studies (GeFALA), Laboratory on Acoustic Analysis and Cognition (LIAAC), Postgraduate Studies Programme in Applied Linguistics and Language Studies Pontifical Catholic University of S\u00e3o Paulo (PUC \u2010 SP) S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4720-7562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Carlos","family":"Rusilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Institute Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL)  Po\u00e7os de Caldas Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4893-9656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Carlo","family":"Gorinchteyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emilio Ribas Infectology Institute Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8725-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuleica Ant\u00f4nia","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Philosophy, Communication, Languages and Arts (FAFICLA), Department of Language Sciences and Philosophy, Postgraduate Studies Programme in Applied Linguistics and Language Studies (PEPG\u2010LAEL) Pontifical Catholic University of S\u00e3o Paulo (PUC\u2010SP)  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13246"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518\u20108787.2023057004476"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2020.0311"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"559","article-title":"HIV\u2010Associated Lipodystrophy: A Review from a Brazilian Perspective","volume":"10","author":"Alves M. 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