{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:58:01Z","timestamp":1790773081242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Lang &amp;amp; Comm Disor"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Healthcare professionals (HCPs) tend to display similar levels of implicit bias towards certain groups as the general population. This is concerning as such biases are known to result in poorer clinical decision\u2010making and therapeutic outcomes for offender populations. Understanding the perceptions that HCPs hold towards the groups they serve are therefore essential. Given the promising role that speech\u2010language therapists (SLTs) could fulfil in youth offender rehabilitation, their perceptions towards the youth offender population needs further exploration. This study explored South African SLTs\u2019 perceptions of youth offenders and youth offender rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using non\u2010probability purposive sampling, a cross\u2010sectional, mixed\u2010method online survey was distributed on social media platforms. Thirty\u2010five SLTs registered with the Health professions council of South Africa (HPCSA) and currently practising in South Africa volunteered their participation. Quantitative data were analysed using point\u2010biserial and Spearman correlations, while qualitative data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most participants had not received training related to working with individuals in the criminal justice system (CJS) [\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a032, 91.4%] and had not previously delivered services to youth offenders in the CJS (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a025, 71.4%). More than half of the participants agreed that youth offenders can be rehabilitated and functionally reintegrated after incarceration (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a021, 60.0%). The majority (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a029, 90.3%) also agreed that societal attitudes contribute to the challenges that youth offenders face during reintegration. Participants reported that communication disorders could negatively influence the behaviour and social interactions of youth offenders by contributing to emotional and behavioural difficulties. Participants with no previous training in working with persons in the CJS were more likely to agree that biological risk factors such as a genetic predisposition (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.048,\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        r\n                        <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.358) and a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.016,\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        r\n                        <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0 0.430) could contribute to youth offending behaviour.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants generally perceived youth offenders and their potential for rehabilitation positively. They also demonstrated good insight into potential barriers and societal attitudes that affect youth offender rehabilitation and reintegration. Additionally, participants without prior training to work with youth offenders were more likely to attribute criminal behaviour to personal and biological factors than participants who had received such training. Further research exploring HCPs' perceptions of youth offenders across different disciplines and contexts is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>What is already known on this subject<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Youth offenders are at greater risk of developing communication difficulties. Subsequent research has focused on examining the prevalence and characteristics of the speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) within this population. In addition, a small number of preliminary studies have explored the efficacy of speech\u2010language therapy (SLT) interventions for the population. What remains largely unexplored, however, is how SLTs perceive this population, despite evidence that such perceptions can shape clinical decision\u2010making and patient engagement among healthcare professionals (HCPs).<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                      <jats:italic>What this study adds to the existing knowledge<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>This study offers preliminary insights into South African SLTs\u2019 perceptions of youth offenders, their rehabilitation, and the social attitudes that may influence the rehabilitation process. It also highlights the biological, environmental, and mixed risk factors that participants identified as potential contributors to youth offending behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                      <jats:italic>What are the clinical implications of this study?<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Although this study has no direct clinical implications, its findings may be considered by SLTs in youth rehabilitation and could encourage HCPs to reconsider how they access and assess detained youth offenders. It could also inform public health policies on treatment modalities for youth offenders. Finally, this study provides a foundation for further research on HCPs\u2019 perceptions of justice\u2010involved youth.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.70345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:06:58Z","timestamp":1790770018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["South African Speech\u2010Language Therapists\u2019 Perceptions of Youth Offenders and Youth Offender Rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2913-215X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan Jacobus","family":"Maasz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech\u2010Language Pathology and Audiology University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiaan","family":"Bezuidenhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work and Criminology University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4071-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marien Alet","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics Education University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8706-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeannie van der","family":"Linde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech\u2010Language Pathology and Audiology University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_786_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624\u00d716666802"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"A Scoping Review of the Role of Speech\u2010language Pathologists in Youth Justice With Application to Canada","volume":"46","author":"Anderson E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Speech\u2010Language Pathology & Audiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0887403414521462"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Criminal Behavior: A Psychological Approach","author":"Bartol C. 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