{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:30:23Z","timestamp":1791279023667,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,26]],"date-time":"2012-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ascaux\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ave in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    rance was discovered in 1940. Since being opened to visitors the cave has suffered three major microbial outbreaks. The current problem is the fast dissemination of black stains which are threatening the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    alaeolithic paintings. Previous data pointed to the involvement of new fungal species in the formation of black stains on the rock walls and ceiling. However, it appears that there could be other reasons for the formation of different and extensive black stains coating the surface of the clayey sediments. Our analyses reveal that black stains on clayey sediments are mainly produced by\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      cremonium nepalense\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , a manganese oxide\u2010depositing fungus, widely distributed in the cave. Thus, in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ascaux\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ave, the black stains have a dual origin: on limestone rocks they are mainly produced by the accumulation of fungal melanins, and on clayey sediments by the biogenic deposition of black manganese oxides.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,9]],"date-time":"2012-10-09T05:16:25Z","timestamp":1349759785000},"page":"3220-3231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Uncovering the origin of the black stains in\n                    <scp>L<\/scp>\n                    ascaux\n                    <scp>C<\/scp>\n                    ave in\n                    <scp>F<\/scp>\n                    rance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Cesareo","family":"Saiz\u2010Jimenez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS\u2010CSIC)  Av. Reina Mercedes 10 41012 Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Z.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Petrologia e Geoqu\u00edmica Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico  Av. Rovisco Pais 1049\u2010001 Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Martin\u2010Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS\u2010CSIC)  Av. Reina Mercedes 10 41012 Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariona","family":"Hernandez\u2010Marine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Barcelona Facultat de Farmacia  Av. Joan XXIII, s\/n 08028 Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2006.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-009-0540-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.036160-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/467375a"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","volume-title":"Return to Chauvet Cave: Excavating the Birthplace of Art","author":"Clottes J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","volume-title":"Lascaux and Preservation Issues in Subterranean Environments","author":"Coye N.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3852\/mycologia.99.4.526"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2006.00060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/0935-1221\/2005\/0017-0163"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","volume-title":"PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) Version 3.5c","author":"Felsenstein J.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2011.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycres.2006.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.037143-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2138\/am.2010.3516"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.12.5488-5491.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Mineralogy of Kartchner Caverns, Arizona","volume":"61","author":"Hill C.A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cave Karst Stud"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Lascaux and Preservation Issues in Subterranean Environments","author":"Lastennet R.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1055"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1505660"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.3053"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","volume-title":"Las manchas negras de la cueva de lascaux: Origen, evoluci\u00f3n y caracterizaci\u00f3n de un brote f\u00fangico","author":"Martin\u2010Sanchez P.M.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es2040625"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2012.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2012.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-3928.2003.tb00173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6496(03)00251-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00417-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.336.6077.13-c"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200700244"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219957"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Sui fenomeni di annerimento delle formazioni calcitiche e calcaree nelle grotte di Postumia","author":"Politi I.","year":"1941","journal-title":"Le Grotte d'Italia"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2011.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.3447"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","first-page":"1199","article-title":"The tetravalent manganese oxides: identification, hydration, and structural relationships by infrared spectroscopy","volume":"64","author":"Potter R.M.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am Mineral"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1206788"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja062097g"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.3.1501-1506.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.earth.32.101802.120213"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2005.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2012.02776.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","first-page":"315","volume-title":"PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications","author":"White T.J.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","first-page":"136","article-title":"The mineralogy and trace element chemistry of black manganese oxide deposits from caves","volume":"71","author":"White W.B.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cave Karst Stud"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(95)04589-S"}],"container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1462-2920.12008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1462-2920.12008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T04:05:43Z","timestamp":1761883543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1462-2920.12008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,26]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1462-2920.12008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1462-2920.12008","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-2912","1462-2920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-2912","type":"print"},{"value":"1462-2920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-07-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-10-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}