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Four so\u2010called enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (\n ERIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) genotypes of\n \n P<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009larvae<\/jats:italic>\n exist with\n \n P<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009larvae<\/jats:italic>\n genotypes\n ERIC I<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n ERIC II<\/jats:styled-content>\n being responsible for disease outbreaks all over the world. Very few molecular data on the pathogen, on pathogenesis or on virulence factors exist. We now identified two genomic loci in\n \n P<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009larvae<\/jats:italic>\n \u2005\n ERIC I<\/jats:styled-content>\n coding for two binary\n AB<\/jats:styled-content>\n toxins,\n Plx1<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n Plx2<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n In silico<\/jats:italic>\n analyses revealed that\n Plx1<\/jats:styled-content>\n is the third member of an enigmatic family of\n AB<\/jats:styled-content>\n toxins so far only comprising\n MTX1<\/jats:styled-content>\n of\n \n L<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ysinibacillus sphaericus<\/jats:italic>\n and pierisin\u2010like toxins expressed by several butterflies.\n Plx2<\/jats:styled-content>\n is also remarkable because the\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010domain is highly similar to\n C3<\/jats:styled-content>\n exoenzymes, which normally are single domain proteins, while the\n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010domain is homologous to\n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010domains of\n C2<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010toxins. We constructed\n \n P<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009larvae<\/jats:italic>\n mutants lacking expression of\n Plx1<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n Plx2<\/jats:styled-content>\n or both toxins and demonstrated that these toxins are important virulence factors for\n \n P<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009larvae<\/jats:italic>\n \u2005\n ERIC I<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T12:45:49Z","timestamp":1375361149000},"page":"2951-2965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Identification and characterization of two novel toxins expressed by the lethal honey bee pathogen\n \n P<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n aenibacillus larvae,<\/i>\n the causative agent of\n A<\/scp>\n merican foulbrood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"F\u00fcnfhaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bee Diseases Institute for Bee Research Friedrich\u2010Engels\u2010Str. 32 16540 Hohen Neuendorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Poppinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bee Diseases Institute for Bee Research Friedrich\u2010Engels\u2010Str. 32 16540 Hohen Neuendorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Genersch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bee Diseases Institute for Bee Research Friedrich\u2010Engels\u2010Str. 32 16540 Hohen Neuendorf 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