{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:04:43Z","timestamp":1791227083159,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]],"date-time":"2013-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>egionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the causative agent of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    egionnaires' disease, invades and proliferates within a diverse range of free\u2010living amoeba in the environment, but upon transmission to humans, the bacteria hijack alveolar macrophages. Intracellular proliferation of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>.\u2009pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    in two evolutionarily distant hosts is facilitated by bacterial exploitation of conserved host processes that are targeted by bacterial protein effectors injected into the host cell. A key aspect of microbe\u2013host interaction is microbial extraction of nutrients from the host, but understanding of this is still limited.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AnkB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    functions as a nutritional virulence factor and promotes host proteasomal degradation of polyubiquitinated proteins generating gratuitous levels of limiting host cellular amino acids.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>egionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    is auxotrophic for several amino acids including cysteine, which is a metabolically preferred source of carbon and energy during intracellular proliferation, but is limiting in both amoebae and humans. We propose that synchronization of bacterial amino acids auxotrophy with the host is a driving force in pathogenic evolution and nutritional adaptation of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>.\u2009pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    and other intracellular bacteria to life within the host cell. Understanding microbial strategies of nutrient generation and acquisition in the host will provide novel antimicrobial strategies to disrupt pathogen access to essential sources of carbon and energy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T20:48:34Z","timestamp":1381524514000},"page":"350-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Amoeba host\u2010\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>L<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    <i>egionella<\/i>\n                    synchronization of amino acid auxotrophy and its role in bacterial adaptation and pathogenic evolution"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Christopher T. 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