{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T03:45:32Z","timestamp":1790480732348,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]],"date-time":"2013-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n We investigated to what extent a\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n uropean songbird (\n \n P<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n arus major<\/jats:italic>\n ) selectively transmits and amplifies\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n orrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n s.l. bacteria.\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n orrelia<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010na\u00efve birds were recurrently exposed to\n Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n nymphs carrying a community of more than 34 5\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201323\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n genotypes belonging to five genospecies (\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n orrelia garinii<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n orrelia valaisiana<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n orrelia afzelii<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009\n burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n s.s. and\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n orrelia spielmanii<\/jats:italic>\n ). Fed ticks were screened for\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n orrelia<\/jats:italic>\n after moulting. We found evidence for co\u2010feeding transmission of avian and possibly also mammalian genotypes. Throughout the course of infestations, the infection rate of\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009garinii<\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009valaisiana<\/jats:italic>\n increased, indicating successful amplification and transmission, while the infection rate for\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009afzelii<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n s.s and\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009spielmanii<\/jats:italic>\n tended to decrease. Within the\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009garinii<\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009valaisiana<\/jats:italic>\n genotype communities, certain genotypes were transmitted more than others. Moreover, birds were able to host mixed infections of\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009garinii<\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009valaisiana<\/jats:italic>\n , as well as mixed infections of genotypes of the same genospecies. We experimentally show that resident songbirds transmit a broad range of\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n orrelia<\/jats:italic>\n genotypes, but selectively amplify certain genotypes, and that one bird can transmit simultaneously several genotypes. Our results highlight the need to explicitly consider the association between genotypes and hosts, which may offer opportunities to point out which hosts are most responsible for the\n \n B<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n orrelia<\/jats:italic>\n presence in questing ticks.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T21:58:14Z","timestamp":1381528694000},"page":"2859-2868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Songbirds as general transmitters but selective amplifiers of\n \n B<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n orrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n sensu lato genotypes in\n \n I<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n xodes rinicus<\/i>\n ticks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Dieter","family":"Heylen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerpen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Matthysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerpen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Fonville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hein","family":"Sprong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.028738"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2012.01979.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050415"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"Colwell R.K.(2006)EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. 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