{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:47:05Z","timestamp":1791942425820,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,28]],"date-time":"2013-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Y<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>\n , the cause of plague, forms a biofilm in the foregut of its flea vector to enhance transmission. Biofilm formation in\n \n Y<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n \u2009pestis<\/jats:italic>\n is controlled by the intracellular levels of the second messenger molecule cyclic diguanylate (\n c<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n di<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n GMP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n \n HmsT<\/jats:roman>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n Y<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3730, the two diguanylate cyclases (DGC) in\n \n Y<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n \u2009pestis<\/jats:italic>\n , are responsible for the synthesis of\n c<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n di<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n GMP<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n Y<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3730, which we name here as\n \n HmsD<\/jats:roman>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , has little effect on\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n biofilms, but has a major effect on biofilm formation in the flea. The mechanism by which\n \n HmsD<\/jats:roman>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n plays differential roles\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n and\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n is not understood. In this study, we show that\n \n hmsD<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n is part of a three\u2010gene operon (\n y<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3729\u201031), which we designate as\n \n hmsCDE<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . Deletion of\n \n hmsC<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n resulted in increased,\n \n hmsD<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010dependent biofilm formation, while deletion or overexpression of\n \n hmsE<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n did not affect biofilm formation. Localization experiments suggest that\n \n HmsC<\/jats:roman>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n resides in the periplasmic space. In addition, we provide evidence that\n \n HmsC<\/jats:roman>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n might interact directly with the periplasmic domain of\n \n HmsD<\/jats:roman>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and cause the proteolysis of\n \n HmsD<\/jats:roman>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . We propose that\n \n HmsC<\/jats:roman>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n senses the environmental signals, which in turn regulates\n \n HmsD<\/jats:roman>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , and controls the\n c<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n di<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n GMP<\/jats:styled-content>\n synthesis and biofilm formation in\n \n Y<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009pestis<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,5]],"date-time":"2013-11-05T23:43:10Z","timestamp":1383694990000},"page":"1202-1216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["\n HmsC<\/scp>\n <\/scp>\n , a periplasmic protein, controls biofilm formation via repression of\n \n HmsD<\/scp>\n <\/scp>\n , a diguanylate cyclase in\n \n Y<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n ersinia pestis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gai\u2010Xian","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOH key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens Institute of Pathogen Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College 9, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai\u2010Qin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOH key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens Institute of Pathogen Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College 9, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District Beijing 100730 China"},{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology Bengbu Medical College Bengbu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOH key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens Institute of Pathogen 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