{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:17:22Z","timestamp":1788520642265,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]],"date-time":"2014-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The three protozoan species\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>ryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>.\u2009meleagridis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>.\u2009hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (phylum\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>picomplexa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) are enteric pathogens of humans. The former two species are zoonotic and the latter is thought to infect only humans. To better characterize the structure and transmission of natural and laboratory\u2010propagated isolates, we analyzed a collection of archived human and animal isolates of these three species by deep\u2010sequencing polymerase chain reaction products amplified from a polymorphic sequence on chromosome 1. Thousands of screened 200\u2010nucleotide sequences were analyzed to compare the diversity among samples, to assess the impact of laboratory propagation on population complexity and to identify taxonomically mixed isolates. Contrary to our expectation, repeated propagation in animals did not reduce intra\u2010isolate diversity nor was diversity associated with host species. Significantly, in most samples, sequences characteristic of a different species were identified. The presence of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>.\u2009hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                    alleles in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>.\u2009parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>.\u2009meleagridis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates confirms earlier reports of mixed isolates and raises the possibility that the host range of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>.\u2009hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is broader than typically assumed. In a genetically divergent isolate of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>.\u2009parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a majority of sequences was found to be recombinant, suggesting that this genotype originated from a\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>.\u2009parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u00d7\u2009\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>.\u2009hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                    recombination event.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,5]],"date-time":"2014-03-05T05:31:36Z","timestamp":1393997496000},"page":"984-993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Population structure of natural and propagated isolates of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>C<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    <i>ryptosporidium parvum<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>C<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    .\u2009\n                    <i>hominis<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>C<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    .\u2009\n                    <i>meleagridis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Widmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine  North Grafton MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Refaat","family":"Ras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine  North Grafton MA USA"},{"name":"Parasitology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cryptosporidium Reference Unit Public Health Wales Microbiology Singleton Hospital  Swansea 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